Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Canada

Carbon Capture and Storage 1
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Canada
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

Carbon Capture and Storage 2
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 2
CCS IN CANADA.......................................................................................................... 3
CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS)....................................................................3
Capture................................................................................................................... 4
Transportation......................................................................................................... 5
Sequestration.......................................................................................................... 5
IMPACTS OF CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE..........................................................6
Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emission..................................................................6
Job Security and Job Creation.................................................................................. 6
Affordable Energy.................................................................................................... 7
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS....................................................................................... 7
Climeworks.............................................................................................................. 8
Carbon Engineering................................................................................................. 8
Carbon (iv) oxide Solutions..................................................................................... 8
Global Thermostat................................................................................................... 9
OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS.................................................................................9
Experiences and Knowledge....................................................................................9
Potential Sectors................................................................................................... 10
Cost....................................................................................................................... 11
Technological Challenges...................................................................................... 13
PERSONAL OPINION.................................................................................................. 13
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................ 13
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... 14
INTRODUCTION
This report seek to investigate the Carbon Capture and Storage and its relationship with other
parts of energy system in Canada by majorly illustrating the current technology of CCS, the

Carbon Capture and Storage 3
impacts of CCS and other fuels, the technical development of CCS, now, and into the future, and
lastly the opportunities and barriers faced by CCS in Canada. The Carbon Capture and Storage
abbreviated as (CCS) which is also denoted to as carbon control and sequestration or capture of
carbon and sequestration can be defined as the capturing process of waste CO2 from huge point
sources like cement factory or biomass power plant, transferring it to a site of storage, and
depositing it to where it will not find its way into the atmosphere, generally a geological
formation underground (Dawson, 2011).
The major reason for capturing, transportation, and deposition of these waste carbon (iv) oxide is
to avoid releasing huge carbon (iv) oxide quantities into the environment hence resulting into
ocean acidification and global warming. Source of energy such as oil, natural gas, and coal
account for approximately 80% of the primary energy consumption globally (Peter, 2018).
Despite the substantial investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy that are currently
being made in Canada and internationally, fossil fuels still dominate the energy supply in the
world for many years.
CCS IN CANADA
Coal, natural gas, and oil are the major energy sources in Canada with these fossil fuels
supplying 88% of the energy requirements in the country despite the transition to an economy of
low carbon from many decades. Canada has numerous sectors where the establishment of CCS is
required and there are opportunities to promote the technology. These sectors include natural gas
processing such as the new development of shale gas, oil sand, and coal-fired electricity plant.
Though demand and opportunities for the implementation of CCS technology also exist in other
sectors like cement, steel making, fertilizer, and chemicals (Jinyue, 2015).

Carbon Capture and Storage 4
Canada recognizes the potential of Carbon Capture and Storage to reduce carbon emissions from
the use and production of fuel, promote energy security, and build on their natural advantage.
Some of the strategies that have been implemented or that are currently under implementation
include promoting innovation in the sector if clean energy technology, improving the CCS
business base by minimizing the cost of technology through development and research on 2nd and
3rd generation technologies, advancing CCS globally by sharing Canadian expertise and
knowledge, and implementing large-scale demonstration projects to prove the technology (Watt,
2012).
CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
The Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a potential method of mitigating the contributions of
carbon (iv) oxide from heating and industry toward ocean acidifications and global warming.
This technology is used in most of the current conventional power plants to minimize CO2
emissions to the environment by about 80% to 90% compared to the power plants without this
technology (Evans, 2011). The present state of technology of capture and storage of carbon is
discussed below:
Capture
The CO2 capturing is the most effective at the source point, majorly and fossil fuel-based
hydrogen generation plant, synthetic fuel plant, natural gas processing, industries with high
emission of carbon (iv) oxide, and large biomass energy or fossil fuel. The carbon (iv) oxide
capturing from the air also possible despite the low CO2 concentration in the air compared to the
sources of combustion shows substantial challenges to engineers. There are three technologies of
CO2 that are currently under application, namely oxyfuel combustion, pre-combusting, and post-
combustion. In the oxy-fuel combustion, instead of air, the fuels are burned in oxygen. The flue