Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery

Running head: PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery
Name of Student-
Name of University-
Author’s Note-

1PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Title: Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery
Abstract
Extraction of oil from the deep underground oil reservoirs includes injection of carbon di oxide
and with the help of that 70 % of the oil in the reservoirs can be extracted following the process.
Research is to be carried out for the enhanced oil recovery and this research deals with the
processes that are carried out to extract oil from the oil reservoirs. This research is carried out
with a motivation to find out all the processes that are included in the extraction process. The
research method that will be included in proceeding with this research is secondary research
method. This report also shows the risks that are included in the research and the timeline for
completing the research. From the conclusion of this research, it can be stated that involving
more processes in the extraction process used in oil reservoirs will help to improve the enhanced
oil recovery.

2PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
Title..................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Motivation....................................................................................................................................2
Objectives....................................................................................................................................2
Significance.................................................................................................................................4
Proposed Approach..........................................................................................................................4
Timeline...........................................................................................................................................5
Risk Assessment..............................................................................................................................5
Progress to Date...............................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
References........................................................................................................................................7

3PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Introduction
Oil reservoirs use carbon di oxide to extract oil from underground and the processes of
extraction includes different processes and environmental issues (Peck et al., 2018). In most of
the extraction projects, the amount of Carbon di oxide that is used for extracting the oil is equal
to the amount of carbon di oxide that is emitted when that oil is burnt (Eide, Fernø, Alcorn &
Graue 2016). The oil field in US are profitable with the use of carbon di oxide at the time of oil
extraction. This research report deals with enhanced oil recovery that takes place with the help of
carbon di oxide in the oil fields and the environmental factors included in the process.
Motivation
This project is undertaken to study the enhanced process of oil recovery with injection of
carbon di oxide in oil reservoirs. The research deals with the environmental issues that carbon di
oxide has on extraction of oil will be included in this research (Stewart et al., 2017). The oil
reservoirs worldwide are deep underground that has oil as well as gas contained in the porous
rock having high temperature and pressure. Oil can be collected from the underground with its
own pressure, but only 5 to 20 % of oil can be extracted from that. In most of the fields of oil
reservoirs, water is used to displace oil. After water injection also, 50 % of the oil is left behind
in reservoir (Rostami et al., 2019). To recover that, carbon di oxide flooding is done with the oil.
Carbon di oxide dissolves with the oil and displaces the remaining oil from the reservoirs. The
motivation of this research is to learn the oil recovery process with the use of carbon di oxide.
This is important to study because with the extraction of oil with carbon di oxide leads to
many environmental factors and it is important to study those factors to have a sustainable
environment (Mokhtari, Ayatollahi, Hamid & Zonnouri, 2016). Using carbon di oxide in the oil

4PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
extraction threatens the drinking water and improper disposal as well as spills of the chemicals
impacts the surface, the groundwater and the land. The use of Carbon di oxide to extract oil from
oil reservoirs would be great if the cost of carbon di oxide was available at low cost (Zhang &
Sepehrnoori, 2019). Each kilogram of carbon di oxide injected in the reservoirs helps to recover
about one quarter kilogram of extra oil.
Objectives
The objective that this project includes is study all the enhanced system of oil recovery
that takes place with the help of carbon di oxide. The research report mainly intends
 To focuses on the processes that are carried out to extract oil from the oil reservoirs with
the help of carbon di oxide.
 To study the environmental challenges in the process of oil extraction.
 To highlight the benefits that oil fields have with the injection of carbon di oxide to
extract oil from deep underground.
 To state future implications of carbon di oxide enhance oil recovery.
The scope of the project includes satisfying the objectives of the project and to complete
the project within time schedule. The scope includes to provide a proper risk assessment for the
research study and to undertake risk mitigation strategies to complete the project. The project is
assumed to be completed within the specific time that is allocated for the project and the project
methodology that is used for conducting this research is waterfall methodology. All the activities
in the project will be carried out synchronizingly to complete the research successfully.
Business requirement for research project includes studying facts related to enhanced oil
recovery with carbon di oxide injection in the oil reservoirs (Olea, 2017). Business requirement

5PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
includes documenting all the facts that are included in the research. Functional requirement states
that the research will describes all important facts that are related with enhanced oil recovery and
non-functional requirements of this research will help to researcher to collect evidence for the
research topic and derive conclusion and recommendation from the research.
Significance
The significance of the research report is to gather information about the enhanced
process of oil extraction with the help of carbon di oxide and the impact it has on environment.
Research will help to gain knowledge about project management methodology that will be used
for completing the research.
With completion of the research study, detailed knowledge about the processes of oil
extraction can be studied advantages and disadvantages of CO2 on enhanced oil extraction can be
studied.
The end goal of this research is to carry out a research on the topic undertaken and to
learn proper research methodology to carry out the research. This research will also include
research methodology and the methodology that will be included in this research will be studied
in this research paper.
Proposed Approach
Plan to solve the problem: The research will be carried out on the existing data of the
research (Muriana & Vizzini, 2017). The data related to enhance oil recovery using carbon di
oxide already existing is summarized and those data are collated for increasing the effectiveness
of the research.

6PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Simplified methodology: The research method that will be carried out in this research
will be secondary research which includes research that has already being carried out by other
researchers. The research approach that is used for completing this research is inductive
approach. In inductive approach, the known data that are collected for the research are used for
generating untested conclusion in the research (Paquin et al., 2016). The inductive approach
helps to generalize specific data to general data and the process of data collection in this method
is usually done in exploration phenomena and conceptual framework will be created using the
inductive approach. Inductive research approach helps to complete the generate theory that
already exists.
Equipment needed, equipment set up and procedure: In secondary research, all the
research materials that are published including research reports and all similar documents are
taken as evidence of the research (Willumsen et al., 2019). The documents are available in the
public libraries, online websites, and data are obtained from already filled surveys or interviews
done by some other researchers.
The procedure that can be followed to carry out secondary research is firstly identifying
the research topic and then gathering the existing data. The data from different data sources are
compared and then the data is normalized. The last procedure is analysis of the data and provide
a conclusion from that.

7PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Timeline
Figure 1: Gantt chart
(Source: Created by author using MS Project)
The above timeline shows the duration and the activities for conducting the research. The
timeline includes research that is conducted over two semester and total duration for the research
is included in the timeline above. Different activities shows different starting time and ending

8PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
time approval from the supervisor is to be taken in intervals so that the research process goes on
the right track.
Risk Assessment
Progress to Date
After completing the proposal, many research papers were studied and that has helped to
gain sufficient knowledge about the research topic. Knowledge about how to carry out the
research study is also learnt from the research. I have also gained knowledge about how to define
objective and scope of the project and learnt about research requirement that are included in the
project.
Conclusion
The techniques of enhancing oil recovery with the help of carbon di oxide are improving
and thus has improved the economic performance of the oil reservoirs. The processes that are
needed to enhance the oil reservoirs are included in this research. This research also deals with
the environmental factors that are included extraction of oil using carbon di oxide. This research
helps in completing research that states details of the research. This research helps to complete
the study of the enhance oil recovery with use of carbon di oxide in the oil reservoirs. The speed
for the oil extraction with carbon di oxide is implemented for recovering the oils from the oil
fields and that depends on the economic decisions and that that depends on certain factors, the
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2_RiskCalculator1.xlsx

9PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
price of the oil, the capital cost and the capital infrastructure and the cost of taxes from the
carbon emissions.
The research approach that is stated in the report to carry out the research is secondary
research method and for that different journals and articles have to be studied published by
different authors. There are certain risks that are needed to be managed while carrying out the
research and those are explained in this research. It can be stated that with injecting proper
method of oil extraction, the cost of extraction process can be lowered and that will be effective
for the oil reservoir industries.

10PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
References
Eide, Fernø, M. A., Alcorn, Z., & Graue, A. (2016). Visualization of carbon dioxide enhanced oil
recovery by diffusion in fractured chalk. SPE Journal, 21(01), 112-120.
Mokhtari, R., Ayatollahi, S., Hamid, K., & Zonnouri, A. (2016, November). Co-optimization of
Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in a Compositionally Grading
Iranian Oil Reservoir; Technical and Economic Approach. In Abu Dhabi International
Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Muriana, C., & Vizzini, G. (2017). Project risk management: A deterministic quantitative
technique for assessment and mitigation. International Journal of Project
Management, 35(3), 320-340.
Olea, R. A. (2017). Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery performance according to the
literature. US Geological Survey.
Paquin, J. P., Gauthier, C., & Morin, P. P. (2016). The downside risk of project portfolios: The
impact of capital investment projects and the value of project efficiency and project risk
management programmes. International Journal of Project Management, 34(8), 1460-
1470.
Peck, W. D., Azzolina, N. A., Ge, J., Bosshart, N. W., Burton-Kelly, M. E., Gorecki, C. D., ... &
Melzer, L. S. (2018). Quantifying CO2 storage efficiency factors in hydrocarbon
reservoirs: A detailed look at CO2 enhanced oil recovery. International Journal of
Greenhouse Gas Control, 69, 41-51.

11PROPOSAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Rostami, A., Arabloo, M., Kamari, A., & Mohammadi, A. H. (2017). Modeling of CO2
solubility in crude oil during carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery using gene expression
programming. Fuel, 210, 768-782.
Stewart, R. J., Johnson, G., Haszeldine, S., Olden, P., Mackay, E., Mayer, B., ... & Nightingale,
M. (2017). Security of storage in carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery. Energy
Procedia, 114, 3870-3878.
Willumsen, P., Oehmen, J., Stingl, V., & Geraldi, J. (2019). Value creation through project risk
management. International Journal of Project Management, 37(5), 731-749.
Zhang, Y., Di, Y., Yu, W., & Sepehrnoori, K. (2019). A comprehensive model for investigation
of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery with nanopore confinement in the Bakken tight
oil reservoir. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 22(01), 122-136.