Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery

CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
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CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to give a detailed illustration of what entails the carbon
dioxide enhanced oil recovery technology. This technology is one of the developments which
have been made in the energy sector. It has accelerated the production and utilization of
petroleum energy. CO2 EOR project is also seen to be a better method as it can ensure that high
amount of carbon dioxide is reused to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases through
sequestration.
The comparison of the oil produced before and after the introduction Carbon Dioxide in
Enhancing Oil Recovery project clearly shows how the CO2 EOR project has improved the
energy sector. The sourcing of carbon dioxide has enabled major companies in the collaboration
with the government to enable the rest of the crew to join in the project to reduce the emission of
carbon dioxide.

CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................3
List of tables....................................................................................................................................5
List of figures...................................................................................................................................6
1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1
2. What is Carbon dioxide Enhanced oil Recovery process?.......................................................2
3. Techniques available for EOR process....................................................................................2
3.1. Gas injection.....................................................................................................................2
3.2. Thermal injection..............................................................................................................2
3.2.1. Steam flooding...........................................................................................................2
3.2.2. Fire flooding..............................................................................................................3
3.3. Chemical injection............................................................................................................3
3.3.1. Polymer flooding.......................................................................................................3
3.3.2. Microbial injection.....................................................................................................3
3.3.3. Liquid carbon dioxide super fluids............................................................................3
3.3.4. Water alternating gas (WAG)....................................................................................3
3.3.5. Plasma pulse..............................................................................................................4
4. Safety of CO2 EOR...................................................................................................................4
5. Physical properties affecting Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery......................................4
5.1. Carbon dioxide gas solubility...........................................................................................4
5.2. Carbon dioxide oil viscosity.............................................................................................5
5.3. The density of carbon dioxide...........................................................................................6
5.4. Swelling factor of carbon dioxide.....................................................................................6
6. Advantages and disadvantages of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery...............................7

CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
6.1. Advantages........................................................................................................................7
6.2. Disadvantages...................................................................................................................8
7. Case study of carbon dioxide EOR..........................................................................................8
7.1. The oil produced...............................................................................................................8
7.2. Suitable Reservoirs for Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery....................................9
7.3. Carbon Dioxide Availability...........................................................................................10
7.4. Anthropogenic sources of CO2.......................................................................................10
7.5. US CO2 EOR Demographics..........................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14

CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
List of tables
Table 1: Criteria for Screening Reservoirs for CO2 EOR Suitability...........................................10
Table 2: Major U.S. CO2 Operators (OGJ Biennial EOR Survey 2008)......................................11

CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
List of figures
Figure 1: Carbon dioxide gas solubility against the gas saturation pressure.................................11
Figure 2: Carbon dioxide oil viscosity against CO2 saturation pressure.......................................12
Figure 3: Carbon dioxide oil density vs carbon dioxide saturation pressure.................................12
Figure 4: Swelling factor against saturation pressure....................................................................13
Figure 5: Overview of how carbon dioxide assist produces trapped oil from a reservoir.............14