Annotated Bibliography Paper 2022

Annotated Bibliography
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University name
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Introduction
Gorthi, J., Huntera, C. B., Mooss , A. N., Alla, V. M., & Hilleman, D. E. (2014). Reducing
heart failure hospital readmissions: A systematic review of disease management
programs. Cardiology Research, 5, 126-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/cr362w
The paper is a review based on a randomised trail which focussed on the implementation of
disease management programs in cases of heart failure, to help reduce their hospital readmission
rates. This systematic review included outpatient clinic interventions, structured telephone
support, home care, as well as both non- invasive and invasive telemonitoring interventions. The
study revealed that the method of telemanagement had the potential to effectively reach out to a
wider set of audience, at lesser cost. Even structured telephonic support has been studied to have
a significantly positive effect on reducing admissions of heart diseases, mainly heart failure. The
paper also revealed that even though the non-invasive studies of telemonitoring were found to be
effective, the efficacy of the invasive telemonitoring methods are yet to be evaluated. The paper
states that one disease management approach applied to an extensive range of several patient
types may not be effective enough to treat heart failure and thus might cause a surge in hospital
readmissions and negatively impact clinical outcomes. It also suggests that the disease
management programs require to be flexible enough to be able to customise as per the
requirements of individual patients. The limitations of this paper would be the lack of
confirmation of the effectiveness of invasive telemonitoring methods and also the lack of
identifying an accurate disease management procedure which can help reduce the resubmission
rates of majority of the heart patients.

Sagar, V. A., Davies, E. J., Briscoe, S., Coates, A. J. S., Dalal, H. M., Lough, F., ... Taylor,
R. S. (2015). Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: Systematic review and
meta-analysis. Open Heart, 2, 1-12. Retrieved from
http://openheart.bmj.com/content/openhrt/2/1/e000163.full.pdf
The main objective of this review paper is to analyse the effect of exercising programs on
individuals suffering from cardiac failure. The paper is a systematic review, which conducted a
univariate meta-regression analysis of a randomised trial of patients suffering from cardiac
failure, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-
Analyses or PRISMA statement. This paper included 33 trials, consisting of 4740 participants,
majority of which suffered from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction of about 40% or less
as well as New York Heart Association class II and III. The study emphasized that exercise-
based cardiac rehabilitation decreased the risk of heart related hospitalisations. However this
study also highlighted that these benefits of exercise-related cardiac rehabilitation, were not
dependent of the exercise dose, type of exercise, as well as trial duration of follow-up and
quality. Thus, this updated Cochrane review confirms that patient outcomes, mortality rate, as
well as quality of life in heart failure patients with the implementation of physical exercise
regime sin hospitals and post-attack care services, regardless of the characteristics of the exercise
programs. The main limitation of the paper is that it fails to mention the most effective exercise
regime for heart failure patients and also differentiate between the different existing ones based
on the areas of health it can improve.