Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Impairment

Running head: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Impairment
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
1
Table of Contents
Results........................................................................................................................................2
Discussion..................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
Reference and Bibliography.....................................................................................................12
Appendices...............................................................................................................................15
Appendix A.1.......................................................................................................................15
Appendix A.2.......................................................................................................................15
Appendix B..........................................................................................................................16
Appendix C.1.......................................................................................................................16
Appendix C.2.......................................................................................................................16

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
2
Results
The t-test result comparison is presented in the table 1. There are few statistically
significant differences which were observed through the t-test. These variables are age [t (28)
= -3.621, p = 0.001], digit back [t (28) = -2.527, p = 0.017], digit total [t (28) = -2.253, p =
0.032, digit symbol [t (28) = 4.077, p = 0.00], in Rey–Osterrieth complex figure Test recall [t
(28) = 5.506, p = 0.00], 2nd recall [t (28) = 4.987, p = 0.00] and true answers [t (28) = 4.004,
p = 0.00], in California Verbal Learning Test 1-5, correct [t (28) = -21.397, p = 0.00],
intrusions [t (28) = 3.483, p = 0.00] and semclusters [t (28) = 10.877, p = 0.00], in California
Verbal Learning Test 7 correct [t (28) = 4.743, p = 0.00], intrusions [t (28) = -13.914, p =
0.00] and semclusters [t (28) = 7.933, p = 0.00], in California Verbal Learning Test 8 correct
[t (28) = 21.415, p = 0.00], intrusions [t (28) = -26.28, p = 0.00] and persev [t (28) = -3.5, p =
0.002], in California Verbal Learning Test 9 correct [t (28) = 22.769, p = 0.00] and intrusions
[t (28) = -37.34, p = 0.00], in California Verbal Learning Test 10 correct [t (28) = 23.625, p =
0.00], intrusions [t (28) = -19.579, p = 0.00] and persev [t (28) = -2.779, p = 0.01], in
semantic test corrects [t (28) = 14.293, p = 0.00] and clusters [t (28) = -6.808, p = 0.00] and
in phonemic test correct [t (28) = 12.942, p = 0.00] and clusters [t (28) = -12.109, p = 0.00].
The insignificant variables are education [t (28) = 0.138, p = 0.891], Moca [t (28) =
1.269, p = 0.215], total digit [t (28) = -1.635 p = 0.113], TMT A Time [t (28) = -0.114, p =
0.91] and TMT B Time [t (28) = 0.684, p = 0.5]. Except theses all there are more
insignificant meandifference of variables like LNSequencetot and CVLT7SDFRpersev.
Table 1:
Mean scores (+SD’s) and results of parametric comparisons using multiple t-tests for
independent samples between the two participant groups for age and education.
Variable Healthy Patient df t and p

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
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2-tailed
Age 67.00 (6.9488) 77.067 (8.2242) 28 -3.621
0.001
Education 11.733 (3.0814) 11.533 (4.7036) 28 0.138
0.891
Table 2:
Mean scores (+SD’s) and results of parametric comparisons using multiple t-tests for
independent samples between the four participant groups for MoCA, Digit Forward, Digit
Back and Digit Total.
Variable Healthy Patient df t and p
2-tailed
MoCA 26.47 (1.457) 24.53 (5.718) 28 1.269
0.215
DigitFtotal 9.13 (2.356) 11.00 (3.742) 28 -1.635
0.113
DigitBtotal 6.00 (.138) 9.00 (4.071) 28 -2.527
0.017
Digittotal 15.13 (3.777) 20.00 (7.464) 28 -2.253
0.032
Table 3:
Mean scores (+SD’s) and results of parametric comparisons using multiple t-tests for
independent samples between the two participant groups for Trail Making Test A and Trail
Making Test B.
Variable Healthy Patient df t and p
2-tailed
TMTAtime 66.4667 (31.9573) 68.20 (49.2881) 28 -0.114
0.91
TMTBtime 136.00 (2.0886) 115.80 (96.1303) 28 0.684
0.5
Table 4:
Mean scores (+SD’s) and results of parametric comparisons using multiple t-tests for
independent samples between the two participant groups for Digit Symbol, LN Sequence test.
Variable Healthy Patient df t and p
2-tailed
DigitSymboltot 39.93 (10.793) 23.67 (11.056) 28 4.077