Cardiovascular Disease in Australia: Risk Factors, Incidence, and Countermeasures

Running head: PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
Public health nursing
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PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
Introduction:
Cardiovascular disease is a significant and ever-growing disease in Australia that is
accounting for nearly one third of the all death in Australia (Woodruffe et al., 2015)
Cardiovascular is also defined a number of heart conditions which maximizes the premature
disability and morbidity while reducing the quality of life (Saundankar et al., 2014) . This
disease is a very common cause of economic burden and especially highlighted due to the
change of traditional lifestyle, which introduces the huge risk factors for the diseases. However,
the burden of the disease can be decreased by reduction of risk factors, primary prevention of
health priorities, making policies and legislate the act. Therefore, this paper will illustrate key the
key risk factors, incident and affected people, countermeasures in the following paragraphs.
Discussion:
Cardiovascular disease (CDV) is one of the greater heart diseases that become a huge
economic burden even if the advanced treatment procedure exists. It is considered as the heart
and blood vessels disease including numerous health issues that increase the morbidity rate
exponentially (Davis et al., 2015). According to the report of the Australian Bureau of
statistics, cardiovascular disease kills one Australian per 12 minutes (Davis et al., 2015). In
2014, massive number of hospitals report suggested that cardiovascular disease was the prime
cause of high expenditure of healthcare system. It is predominate in high-income countries
however the morbidity rate is higher in low and middle-income countries (Biswas et al.,
2015).Most of the older individuals over 65 years are currently living with the long-term
cardiovascular disease (Woodruffe et al., 2015). The lower socioeconomic groups,
aboriginal people who live on Remote Island are also affected groups (Kaukonen et al.,

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PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
2014). It was estimated that approximately 40000 people experience any of the cardiovascular
diseases every year increases the economic burden (De Souza, et al., 2015)..
WHO estimated that over 75 % of the premature CVD are preventable by reducing
potential, risk factors and changing the lifestyle (Patel et al., 2015). A report by Australian
health and welfare association suggested that approximately 6 million people of 65 years have
high blood pressure greater than 140/90, which enhances the progression of cardiovascular
diseases. Consumption of high poor quality of diet containing refining grains and added sugar,
unhealthy fat can lead to the cardiovascular disease (Townsend et al., 2015). Few
accumulated evidence suggested that one third of adult Australian have high cholesterol, which
represents 5.6 million people (De Souza, et al., 2015). Subsequently, the incident of
cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial infarction increases exponentially. A quantitative
study elucidate different lifestyle can lead to the heart diseases such as smoking, consumption of
junk foods can lead to CDV (Nichols et al., 2014). In the majority of the cases, obesity and
diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver leads to the cardiovascular disease. Therefore, economic
burden increase along with the co morbidity rate. Health belief model can be used for guiding
the health promotion and disease prevention program for reducing the burden of the disease
(Kaukonen et al., 2014). Health belief model can be used to design interventions and
countermeasures for reducing the potential risk of the disease so that individuals can lead the
disease-free quality life (De Souza, et al., 2015).
There are different countermeasures can be taken for preventing the incidence of
cardiovascular disease which will reduce the economic burden (Skinner et al., 2015). There