Cardiovascular Health: Genes and Hormones Assignment 2019 Theme B

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Cardiovascular Health: Genes and Hormones
Assignment 2019 Theme B
Use this .doc file as your proforma keeping the formatting intact (header with student name
and number, banner with word count up to 1000 +/-10%, 2cm margins. PLEASE KEEP THE
GENERAL STRUCTURE INTACT. Refer to Assignment briefing notes for full instructions.
PAPER TITLE: ........................................................
PROPOSITION: ........................................................
MY ARGUMENT is FOR or AGAINST (delete which does not apply)
_______________________________________________________________
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1. Glossary (10%)Following the article presented regarding the comparison between Ischemic
Cardiomyopathy and Allogeneic Mesenchyme, the following are the identified
technical words.
 Allogeneic: relates to cells or tissues which are genetically different
hence immunologically incompatible despite coming from individuals of
the same species.
 Mesenchyme: Refers to a loosely organized, often mesodermal
embryonic tissue that develops into skeletal or connective tissues
including the lymph and blood (Caplan, 2017)
.
 Ischemic: Relates to the constraint of blood flow to the tissues.
 Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscles that makes them hard
to pump blood to other body parts.
 Bone Marrow: A semi solid tissue likely located in the cancellous or
spongy portions of bones (Cai et al., 2016)
.
 Cell based therapy: Refers to the implantation, injection or grafting of
cellular materials into a patient.
 Stem cell: Undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism from which
other cells of the same type can be obtained through differentiation (Dixon
et al., 2015)
.
 Hospitalization: The act of admitting a patient for treatment in the
hospital setting.
 Heart failure: An adverse condition whereby the heart stops to operate
effectively.
 Ransendocardial: Not comparable (Across or through the endocardium quotation)
2. Abstract (10%)
The background of the TRIDENT study followed the importance of cell
concentration and dose in phenotypic responses to cell-based therapy for heart
failure. The purpose and aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and
safety of 2 doses of allogeneic bone marrow. To be more specific, the study

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Word count:aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of derived human mesenchyme
stem cells which are identically injected into patients with ischemic
cardiomyopathy. The study employed a quantitative method of data collection
and analysis. The study made use of population of thirty patients with ischemic
cardiomyopathy. The patients then blindly received either 100 million (n=15)
or 20 million (n=15) allogeneic human mesonchymal stem cells through
transedocardial injection. The patients were then monitored for 12 months for
safety and efficacy end points. The primary adverse cardiac event rate was
13.3% for 100 million and 20% for 20 million (P=0.58). The worsening heart
failure rehospitalisation was 7.1% in 100 million and 20% in 20 million
(p=0.27).Whereas, scar size reduction was same for both groups (P=0.0002).
Following these results, it was concluded that despite the fact that both doses
reduce scar size, only the 100 million increased the ejection percentage.
Therefore, the study brings forth the importance of cell dose concentration in
promoting response to cell therapy.
3. Argue the proposition (60%)Delivery of donor derived stem cells by direct cardiac injection is
practical and promising din curbing heart failure complications among
patients who have been preciously affected b the condition due to the
ability to reduce the size of the scar (Florea et al., 2017)
. Following the article
provided, it is obvious that the concentration of cell dose play a significant role
in phenotypic response to cell-based therapy regarding the management of
heart failure condition. The study employs two doses i.e. 20 million and 100
million allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (Florea et al., 2017)
. The results
indicate that the stem size reduced to a similar size among both groups. These
results reveal the realities behind the fact that delivery of donor stem cells has
a significant impact in promoting the management of heart failure (Squillaro,
Peluso, and Galderisi, 2016)
. On the same note, the impact of concentration difference
is also vivid following the results presented in the article. As per the article,
even though the reduction of scar size was the same in both doses, only the
dose with higher concentration was able to display an improvement in ejection
fraction. This implies the significance of ensuring optimal concentration of
donor derived stem cells in the management of heart failure. This observation
is a significant approval to the fact that donor derived stem cells by direct
cardiac injection is practical and promising approach in curbing heart failure
complications among patients who have been preciously affected b the
condition
Delivery of donor derived stem cells to patients who have been
previously impacted by heart failure is a practical and promising
approach because it is associated with minor adverse effects to the
patient (Madonna et al., 2016)
. Following the results in the TRIDENT Study, there
were no emergent of serious treatment incidences in the period of thirty days.
Furthermore, no treatment-related event arose in the next 12 months.
However, there were only two adverse events whose probability was too
minute to consider. For instance, the probability of major adverse cardiac event
was held at 20%. On the other hand, the probability of worsening heart failure