Care Migration And Human Rights Report

Student Name
INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION(S)
HUMAN RIGHTS AND
EQUITY STUDIES

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CARE MIGRATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Introduction
Care and migration are getting increasingly recognized due to priority given to global
public health. Contributions made by economic flow and irregular migration have increased
the rate of migrations. It is estimated that around 244 million internal and international
migrants globally move within or outside their birth country. When most of the international
migrants move outside their own country, their movement between middle-low income
countries becomes a blind-spot for media, researchers and policymaker. Disproportionate
policy is created and irregular political attention is given on migration among most of the
high-income countries ( Wickramage, Vearey and Zwi). Human rights, on the other hand
still require a long way to go to make it an enforceable claim. However, Held claims that
“Human rights have made remarkable progress in the last half-century”, and many
researchers and theorists along with activists have considered it significantly by pressing the
governments to enhance present conditions and court decisions in its favour. Human rights
and care is applicable to every person worldwide including migrants, non-national and
refuges which makes essential for the government and international policies to ensure that
every individual enjoy the highest attainable physical and mental health. Populations are
increasingly moving from one place to the other due to economic, political and environmental
reasons which have increased care, migrations and human rights implications for migrants
along with the ones whom they leave behind.
Human rights paradigm
Human rights can be defined as legal protections given to the people or groups against
actions that can violate their fundamental freedom and self-esteem. The rights include and

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apply in every sphere of economic, civil, political, cultural, and social rights
(Kamruzzaman and Das). Human rights are something every people desire or demand to
ensure their self-development. Rights constitute the basic needs without which a person can
never live with dignity. It can be said that violating someone's dignity is like treating the
person as if he/she is not a human being. This is the reason most of the international
policymakers set some basic rules of human rights that cannot be neglected, but at the same
time, they cannot be made or guaranteed by statutory laws. It becomes the obligation of the
government or the states to protect and promote individual human rights. According to Held,
“Rights are elements of law" (p. 2) and of morality along with norms, values, virtues and
judgements. But then, when human rights are considered as a moral obligation, people take it
as rights that need to be enforced with other civil and legal rights. For instance, when
freedom to expression in moral rights is expressed and given special privilege in legal
systems like a legal claim, it is often judged as relevant for respecting human rights
ideologies. However, when such freedom of expression indulges itself into criticism or
sanctioning the present government that neglects them, it is criticized as a failure of the
government to protect or provide the appropriate legal rights.
Why do people migrate?
Migration is one of the oldest humankind phenomena where people move from one
place to the other in search of good living standards for themselves and their families or to
escape from intense situations arising in their home country. This phenomenon can be related
to the 'push and pull' theory developed by Lee in the year 1966. His theory emphasizes
economic, social, environmental and political factors that push people out of their homeland
or attract them more towards foreign destination places. These factors act combinedly and
determine the final decisions made by individuals to migrate into other regions. It can be said
that migration is a phenomenon that involves macro-meso factors. The macro factor acts as