Care Planning Processes in Healthcare Practice

This document discusses the importance of care planning in healthcare practice, including different assessment models and theoretical perspectives. It also reviews the legislative and regulatory framework that supports equality and diversity in the care planning process.

Care Planning Processes in
Healthcare Practice

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
Comparison of different models of assessment with implementation process in healthcare......1
Application of theoretical perspectives on care planning process within healthcare setting.......4
Review on legislative and regulatory framework which support equality and diversity in care
planning process..........................................................................................................................6
Influence of different theoretical perspectives on planning and assessment models used in
workplace.....................................................................................................................................7
PART 2............................................................................................................................................9
Real-life case studies that gives evidence of contribution to care planning process and use of
care plans in workplace settings..................................................................................................9
Records of observations in promotion of individual’s holistic well-being................................13
Reflective account for reviewing of care planning process and provision of person-centred
care.............................................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Personalised care plan and supporting assessment is highly important in health centres,
especially for people, who receives such services. It can also use as a tool for integrating the
experience of individuals and increasing accessibility of services, which covers way to recover
their health and needs for well-beings (Wylie and McConkey, 2019). For this purpose, it is
essential to gather particular information about health records, which vary from patient-to-
patient, so that changes in services or medical process can be done for well-being of them. The
present assignment is going to conduct a study about how care planning helps in improving
health of population. For this process, study will be conducted into two main parts under which –
first one reveals the influence of theoretical models and different assessment methods for
planning. A review on legislative and regulatory framework, which supports equality and
diversity is also done in this part (Wisner, Lyndon and Chesla, 2019). While another main task,
involves two-real life examples to show how a care plan is contributed to meet desires of
individuals. Along with this, what circumstances in terms of challenges and benefits of planning
the centred care in workplace, is also being discussed. At last, a reflective account to address
impact of such procedure on individuals, carers and practitioners.
PART 1
Comparison of different models of assessment with implementation process in healthcare
Health assessment refers to a process of gathering relevant information for describing
health needs of local people. The main purpose behind development of assessment and
implementation in healthcare setting, is to gather subjective, holistic and objective data (White,
Dudley-Brown and Terhaar, 2019). This would help in determining overall health as well as
well-being state of patient, for establishment of professional clinical judgement. In other words,
assessment defines as a process of gathering information of a person, who uses service for own
well-being and assessing needs. Therefore, assessment of needs must be mindful in terms of
organisation’s role, to meet such needs. In this regard, such data helps in developing care plan or
making changes in prior one. But as each and every organisation has its own types of recording
and paperwork procedure, to make assessment within care plan (Tark and et. al., 2019). For
example – Generally, assessment includes medical condition of patient both current and
previous, allergic and factual information, areas where individual is expected to get support,
1

communication or other kind of issues, especial needs regarding with individual receiving
services or care etc. In order to gather such information, healthcare organisations take help of
external agencies like community nurse, GP, pharmacist and more. In addition to this, for
reviewing care plans, several peoples are involved like family members, friends, professional
advocated and so on (Bowen and Pieren, 2019).
Types of assessments –
Care planning assessments – This type of assessment plan generally made for people
who are suffering from mental health issues, like dementia. They require special care by nurses,
occupational therapists and social care workers etc. But to prepare this assessment, entire
information about aggressive mood of patient, any trauma they have faced, involvement of
family members and general practitioners.
Holistic based assessments – As main goal of health and social care practices is to heal
whole body of a person, in terms of body, mind and spirit. Therefore, it is completely different
holistic assessment instead of focusing on physical health, also concerning on mental, emotional
and spiritual health. It allows medical team to obtain entire information about stress level, living
standard, relationship issues etc.
Risk assessments – This document include entire information about risks involve in
health and social care practices, for well-being of patients, nurses and entire associated persons.
It is considered as legal requirement also, therefore, in clinical practices, risk assessment is
properly prepared and maintained, for implementation of control measures.
Evidence based assessments – This assessment includes problem solving approach which
incorporates evidences of studies taken about patient values and preferences and expertise
clinician about care of patients. Here, evidence is collected through randomised control trials,
meta-analysis, clinical practices, epidemiology studies and more.
For gathering information, different methods of assessment methods can be utilised, which
are broadly classified in terms of key principles as explained below –
Principle I – Understanding need: This principles emphasis on exploring and
understanding the situation of service uses, where need may emerge from requirement of support
and quality of life. So, under this process, assessment model is based on needs-led principle i.e.
health practitioners must understand need in a different manner (Swearingen and Wright, 2019).
Needs of people must evaluate by others’ perception instead of individual who is being assessed.
2

Hereby, need defines in terms of problem which people experience; requirement for particular
kind of response; and more. Thus, assessment includes taxonomy of needs in terms of
Normative, Comparative, Felt and Expression, to determine what type of care plan is required to
meet the same.
Principle II – Working with system and ecology: For preparing assessments, this principle
assists to explore needs of users by their connected relationships. This would help in determining
how different factors influence or influences by individuals, that impact on their quality of life
(Bryant and et. al., 2019). For this purpose, interconnected levels include four main systems that
helps in gathering information about patient related to his/her medical condition. It includes
Micro-system (family, workplace, school etc.); Meso-system (interaction between micro-
system); Exo-system (community); and Macro-system (socio-culture context).
Principle III – Being person-centred: This principle focuses on primary concern for
gathering information of individual’s need (Sellars and et. al., 2019). For this purpose, direct
interaction is done with individuals who need support or taking services for living quality of life,
by theoretical base of underpinning practice.
Principle IV – Taking an interpersonal approach: This approach to assessment mainly
highlights importance of professionals who are being included in providing care services
(O'Brien and et. al., 2019). So, for preparing assessments, enrolment of them helps in gathering
entire relevant information.
These principles of assessment can be integrated by using a number of models like social
model, medical model and Aspire models, for increasing participation of people who receive
services, to evaluate their unmet needs (Nekhlyudov and et. al., 2019). By adopting the social
model, it is essential for service user to become expert regarding with exploring own needs.
Through their involvement, health professionals can prepare better assessment. For this purpose,
under holistic care society can be evolved, while person-centred care approached can be used for
giving support to individuals in meeting their needs. It acknowledges that the worker’s expertise
lies in their problem-solving abilities, where focus is given on a holistic assessment of the
context in relation to the individual over time. Other than this, under medical model, for
development of trust to seek a compromise between choices and needs through involvement of
all parties, person centred care approach focuses on illness instead of person’s individual needs.
3

The healthcare professionals takes on responsibility for managing the process of assessment with
provision of x-rays, different test, consultation and more (Lum and et. al., 2019).
Application of theoretical perspectives on care planning process within healthcare setting
Care Plans in healthcare centres serve as a communicative function and can be viewed as
legal documents that are central for investigations or complaints regarding with how the situation
arise, which needs to be identified during an assessment (Lin and et. al., 2020). In an RACF,
advance care planning is systematically implemented which involves communication among
carers, family, health practitioners, care recipient and more, with end-of-life care. This type of
care planning helps in defining the person’s wish, dignity and empowerment, which could be
documented in assessment.
In general, care plans hold lots of things for each individual, despite from formal or
informal form the actual plan, usually general model of care planning involves following
procedure –
Planning cycle – Generally, rational planning is considered as central to Care Plan,
therefore, eliminating the emotive or discriminatory language and leading information seems to
be more vital. For successfully Care Plan, it must be structured, clear, well-organised as well as
methodical, where feelings, intuition or theoretical perspectives of others should not be excluded
(Donnelly, Begley and O’Brien, 2019). In this regard, good Care Plan helps in identifying what
is factual, conjecture and belief, which is often beneficial for seeking information through variety
of sources, like person who receive services, organisations who provide the same, treatment
procedure and more. In terms of Care Planning formality, it includes a process, recognisable and
identifiable stages as shown in below figure.
4

Figure 1: Care Planning Cycle
Thus, in care plan process, four main stages are involved – Assessing needs, Care
planning, Implementation/Intervention and Evaluation of care plan. First stage i.e. assessing
needs is being done via observing care professionals and social workers, who interacts with
patients, their family members to explore needs (Epstein and et. al., 2019). After then at second
sage, a detailed information for establishment of care plan is done, by specifying objectives and
clear guidelines for requirements of further interventions. The third stage which is
implementation involves actual delivery process of care plan, as well as way to monitor the
effect of same. At last stage, a care professional takes responsibilities for evaluating whether
objectives have been met or not.
But before making any care plan, it is essential to concern on theoretical perspectives as
well, which describes as lenses via people who will receive care, look to focus. It also provided
guidelines which support healthcare planners in making decisions for including practices, which
helps in offering high quality care. A number of theories in this sense, can be approaches to
evaluate guideline implementation among physicians. It includes humanistic theory, social
learning theory, behavioural theories, system theory, solution or task-focused theories and more.
As per humanistic theory, needs of patients are preferred on the basis of their importance where
5

basic needs involved first. For this purpose, Maslow hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s two-factor
theory etc. can be utilised to make care plans. In the same sense, four main factors that need to be
underpinned by planners in observational or social learning are – attention towards model of
assessment; Retention by remembering what has been done; reproduction I.e. people should bear
the capacity to imitate certain behaviour; and motivation to encourage people for the same. All
these factors help in developing effective personal care plan.
Review on legislative and regulatory framework which support equality and diversity in care
planning process
Since, in every nation, law generally regulates entire activities related with assessments
that are being carried out by social work practitioners and healthcare professionals in
organisations, so, it is essential form to recognise the same (Lim, Wynaden and Heslop, 2019).
They must aware that the law holds only those practitioners or organisations, who account for
their work undertaken. It may seem on one-hand intimidating, but having legislation and policy,
gives practitioners a mandate for practice, especially for evaluating health needs in statutory
settings. Along with this, legislation and policy also act as a powerful tool that empower service
users to promote health services. Through understanding the law, health practitioners who have
limited rights to access records of people and relevant information regarding with their well-
being, can understand needs to be done to access the same (Etges and et. al., 2019). It assists
service users for improving the quality of care plan to achieve desired outcomes and promote
6

health. Therefore, it is important for service providers, health practitioners, social workers and all
agencies dealing in health and social care sectors, to be aware with law. This may be appeared
prescriptive while applying within context of individual lives, including complexity that brings.
With this assistance, professionals are needed for being able to make better judgements, as well
as negotiate tensions between care plan procedures and legal principles, including values and
different approaches which underpin such practices (Fealy and et. al., 2019). In UK, legislations
which influences health care practices involves – The General Data Protection Regulation
(GDPR) 2018; Mental Health Care and Treatment (Scotland) Act 2003; Adults with Incapacity
Act (Scotland) 2000; NHS and Community Care Act 1990; Community Care and Health
(Scotland) Act 2002 and more. All these Anti-discriminative laws, help in supporting equality
and diversity in care planning process.
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2018 has replaced the Data Protection
Act 1998, to set seven principles for maintaining equality and diversity in health and social care
settings. It includes Lawfulness, transparency and fairness; Data minimisation; Accuracy;
Storage limitation; Integrity and confidentiality; Purpose limitation; and Accountability.
Therefore, while making assessment and care plans, or any other healthcare practices, it is
essential for professionals to underpin all these principles, so that equality can be maintained.
Similarly, other acts like Health & Social Care Act 2012 provides rights to patients a greater
voice in making their care plans. While Care Act 2014 introduces principle for well-being to
support for equality. Furthermore, code of conduct also need to be considered which support
healthcare workers to work ethically. For this purpose, principles which need to be focused are
being accountable; Promote and uphold dignity, privacy, rights, health and well-being; Work in
collaboration and more.
Influence of different theoretical perspectives on planning and assessment models used in
workplace
It has been evaluated that assessment is more closely linked with the medical model of care,
which seems to start from premise i.e. something there is ‘wrong’ or a certain service fails to
meet health needs of people and accordingly require to be fixed (Jennings and et. al., 2019).
However, through different theoretical perspectives of legislations, it is not necessarily in each
case. Assessment in this sense, is different from traditional medical stance which might implies
that it is not about being the judgemental about assessing a situation despite of individual needs.
7

People used to assess things in varied manner and have different perceptions, therefore, it is
always vital for health practitioners to enter into partnership with them throughout the process
(Holtrop and et. al., 2019). Thus, it states that assessment is not about identifying solutions, it is
made to assess the health record of individuals only, so that in case of urgency, improvement can
be made. It highly influences by the way of gathering information about patients’ needs,
principles on which assessment model is taken, consideration of laws and more, so that care plan
can be developed in best way.
8

PART 2
Real-life case studies that gives evidence of contribution to care planning process and use of care
plans in workplace settings
Personalised care and support planning refers to systematic process which is based around
'better interaction' between an individual and health care practitioner (Harrison Dening, Sampson
and De Vries, 2019). The main aim behind development of individual care plan is to identify
patient’s unmet needs, then implement interventions for achievement of same. Person-centred
approaches are mainly applied on meeting both immediate well-being and long-term health.
People who receive health care services are being examined by practitioners, to identify their
unmet needs. Care plans in this sense, defines way to meet their needs and support them for
achievement of well-being state. For this purpose, documents are being prepared by
practitioners, which include entire medical information about ongoing and past medications,
diagnosed health issues and more (Graber and et. al., 2019). This would help in developing
intervention plans also, for improving their quality of life. In this regard, being a health
practitioner, main role of mine is to promote person-centred care approaches. Care planning
process include a number of steps like gathering and sharing information, by taking views of all
concerned such as patient, his/her family members, carers and professionals etc. After then, next
step is to establish mutual expectations with carers and people who is receiving services. Under
this process, before providing centred care services, it is essential to systematically review the
unmet needs of individual, then make discussion with them about different choices. It would help
in getting proper involvement of individuals in their care plan process. Therefore, to promote
centred care approach, firstly two different cases are being analysed for systematically gathering
the entire relevant information.
In promoting centred care plan, a number of roles and responsibilities performed by
healthcare practitioners. It includes Duty of Care, Holistic Approach, Focus on individual values
and choices, autonomy and empowerment etc. These responsibilities help professionals in
engaging with individuals; encouraging input and views of them in person-care plan, finding out
way to support better practices for their health and well-being.
In preparing this document, my role is to convince individuals for giving their participation
in identifying their unmet needs (Wylie and McConkey, 2019). For this purpose, seniors have
9

given me support to analyse on which points need to be considered more, when making
discussion with individuals (people who will get centred care approach). When healthcare
professionals or services users give them patient-centred care and put at ‘centre’ in healthcare
via, treating them with dignity, respect and compassion; making effective communication with
users; tailoring entire care which suit their needs by analysing what they want to achieve;
providing support to them to understand and learn about own health; engage them to find ways
for long-term health and achievement of well-being growth better, etc. Therefore, for this
purpose, I have concerned more on developing inter-personal skills to professionally treat the
people (Wisner, Lyndon and Chesla, 2019). This would also help me to actively gain
participation of person in their centred care plan. The two main case analysis which are being
taken for preparing the plan includes – Doji Petain an old lady who is suffering currently from
hypertension, while another one is Monte Carlo who is just 15-years old and diagnosed as deficit
hyperactivity disorder. Since both case study is based on psychological issue but with different
matters, where one is related with heart-problem and another one with mental disorder (White,
Dudley-Brown and Terhaar, 2019).
While developing document related to patient’s personal health information, my team
leader has given another main responsibility to review the overall application related to risk
assessment process also, in promoting the person-centred planning effectively (Tark and et. al.,
2019). Assessing and managing the risks is one of the essential legal role in care settings, which
is mainly used for managing risk sensibly, giving protection and safeguarding to individuals,
while promoting an individual’s rights. For this purpose, is to look at whole situation and
assessing the real risks, that helps in reducing harm while providing care services to people. Risk
assessment is also essential when person-centred care approach is being implemented within
health-care settings, because it includes major chance of risk (Swearingen and Wright, 2019).
But instead of making this assessment, my role is to review the same, for ensuring that each and
every activity is going to be worked well. As both two cases are critical, therefore, risk
assessment is regularly being updated. In this sense, for preparing and regularly reviewing this
assessment, I have helped entire healthcare team in identifying possible risks, then critically
analysing options and ways to reduce its likelihood or severity of risks.
In developing and implementing care plan, a number of problems can be raised in front of
planners, which may create challenges to overcome from the same. The challenges that
10

encountered is largely concerned with preserving the patient's autonomy, avoiding harm as well
as suboptimal or crisis the decision-making (Bowen and Pieren, 2019). Along with this, ensuring
that they are treated fairly via optimisation of finite resources, also possess challenges. As care
planning strives for extending the person’s autonomy when they are not in condition to make
better decision for themselves, about care services. So, taking decisions in behalf of them may
create ethical dilemma in healthcare settings, particularly in implementing the care plan. In this
regard, the both cases which are taken to make care plan includes an old-person facing heart
issue problem and another one is mental disorder. Therefore, it has raised difficulties in both
cases for service providers to take their active participation in development of person-care plan.
Apart from various challenges, a number of barriers also exists in implementation of care
planning in health and social care setting (Sellars and et. al., 2019). It includes competing the
demands of other work; emotional & interactional nature of interactions between professionals
and patients around care plan; problems in taking and sharing decisions by including preferences
of patient within staff of healthcare organizations (Barriers to Advance Care Planning at the End
of Life: An Explanatory Systematic Review of Implementation Studies, 2018). Along with this,
making negotiation in terms of multiple restrictions about opportunities for sustained
interventions, prognosis and duration of diagnosed disease also create barriers in front of
healthcare staff, as highlighted in below figure –
11

Figure 2: Barriers in Care plan, 2017.
Apart from various challenges and barriers, there are significant benefits of implementing
centred care approach in care plan settings. It delivers benefits to both healthcare professionals
and patient, in terms of enhancement of client engagement, working together to achieve set
goals, establishment of priorities and strategies to meet unmet needs of patients and more
(O'Brien and et. al., 2019). Care plans can be reviewed regularly that reduces risks and informs
the associated staff timely about ongoing service delivery. Reviewing the care plan also help in
utilising feedback from clients, service providers and entire people who are involved in their
care, including the other relevant information (in terms of functional review and clinical
indicators etc.) help in guiding a conversation about way to implement the plan.
12

Records of observations in promotion of individual’s holistic well-being
As care planning refers to a process of communication or discussion among individuals,
their healthcare providers, close family members and friends, for explore the unmet needs
of them. This process also includes goals, values and individual beliefs to set care services as
per needs (Nekhlyudov and et. al., 2019). One potential outcome of promotion of
individualistic well-being is the advance care directive , which includes entire information
about records what care they have received, including the life-sustaining treatments, which
person would or would not prefer to receive. In such situation if they become incapacitated for
making or communicating care decisions, then it would help service providers in making care
plan more efficiently. Depending as per jurisdiction, implementing person-centred care approach
in care plan can be legally binding (Lum and et. al., 2019). Therefore, compiling regulations in
developing plans, also empowers people in directing the care they are wished to receive for
sustaining a quality of life. Considering these points and entire planning processes, two main
case studies that have been drawn for Doji Petain and Monte Carlo are evident as below –
Healthcare Plan of Doji Petain
PATIENTS MEDICAL INFORMATION
Relevant conditions, diagnosis and latest test results:
Doji is 66-year-old female. Her reason to visit is ‘hypertension’
High Blood Pressure
Significant past medical history:
Doji reported: Irregular, palpitation, missed or skipped heart beats
Doji denied: Pain or pressure in chest, angina pectoris, pale or white episodes
Current medication:
Conjugated estrogens, female hormone medication, non-prescription non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory medication for pain
Past medications:
Estrogens and progesterone combination replacement hormones, estrogen replacement
hormones, estrogen replacement therapy 12 to 15 years, oral contraceptives
13

Date of planned review of medications:
Review of systems:
Respiratory Genitourinary
Doji denied: dyspnoea Doji reported: orthopnoea
Constitution: Musculoskeletal
Doji denied: Overweight Doji denied: legs painful
Psychiatric: Neurological
Doji reported: recent stress Doji reported: headache
Risk factors
Physical condition
Doji reported: less than 30 min per day exercise
Nutrition
Doji reported: eating imported liquorice
Allergies:
Ibuprofen, anaphylaxis and common aspirin
KEY ACTION POINTS
Counselling for controlling health disease –
Daily physical activity
Control on Blood pressure and high cholesterol by diet chart
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION (if appropriate)
Physician support for medical history (certified in Advanced Cardiac Life Support) –
Doji reported as smoker and intake of unhealthy food
Doji reported family stress
Anticipatory care plan agreed: YES /NO/N/A Anticipatory drugs supplied: YES / NO/ N/A
Emergency care and outcome: treatment
discussed: YES / NO
Aortic Coarctation Medication
Date of assessment: / / Date of review(s):
Doji is reported serious heart rhythm disturbances
14

Healthcare Plan: Monte Carlo
PATIENTS MEDICAL INFORMATION
Relevant conditions, diagnosis and latest test results:
Monte Carlo a 15-year old child and diagnosis with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)
Significant past medical history:
Current medication:
Ongoing medication:
Cognitive behavioural therapy and counselling psychology
Amphetamine and methylphenidate
Past Medication:
Cognition-enhancing medication and Anti-hypertensive drug
Date of planned review of medications:
Allergies: Sensitive towards citric food
KEY ACTION POINTS
Counselling for Anger Management and control on emotions
Eat banana and other fruits having rich in vitamins, fibres and mineral
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION (if appropriate)
A care taker is being hired for taking care of Monte Carlo
Anticipatory care plan agreed: YES /NO/N/A Anticipatory drugs supplied: YES / NO/ N/A
Emergency care and outcome: treatment
discussed: YES / NO
Date of assessment: / / Date of review(s):
Monte Carlo is having high tempered and sensitive towards attention of others, that increase his
frustration level
15

In getting personal information in both cases, I have enrolled myself in team-work by
transforming single-focused to dual one. For conducting each and every task, perspective of each
team-members have been taken, which would help in making proper collaboration for enhancing
team-performance. In case of Monte Carlo, holistic approach has been applied where concerning
on his value and preferences, feelings, needs for privacy, control and dignity etc. help in taking
support of his family members for preparing the assessment. For this purpose, social care model
is used for preparing holistic based assessment interventions is used, which further helps in
promoting well-being and improving the quality of life of Monte Carlo. While in case of Doji
Petain, medical assessment intervention has been applied by using medical model for preparing
care planning assessment. This model helps in taking entire medical history of Doji, so that
proper plan can be developed.
16

Reflective account for reviewing of care planning process and provision of person-centred care
To complete these responsibilities, I have faced a number of challenges also that highly
takes a lot of time for promoting the person-centred approach. It includes lack of sufficient time
to make interaction with patient or service users, which highly create difficulties for me to
analyse their perception and prepare documents accordingly (Lin and et. al., 2020). Since, it is
the most important task, where without convincing people to analyse that they need person-
centred care services, entire objectives for developing care plans cannot be completed. So, it
increases workload pressure as well because convincing people then making proper interaction
with them, to identify their unmet needs, required an adequate amount of time. Another main
challenge that comes in front of me is values and underpinning care principles. Such values
included the worth that place upon someone; recognition of right or wrong, consider both own
value-base and around all people etc. Therefore, before performing any task I have evaluated the
entire ethical principles or rules of conduct. But due to lack of mentoring, it was really difficult
for me to underpin such practices and enrolled myself in preparing the care plan. Reviewing the
risk assessment regularly also possess a challenging role, where working on personalised care
plan has completely transformed transform the paradigm shift to team system approach, i.e.
single focus to dual focus (both clinical and team skills), individual performance to entire team-
based performance, informed decision making from under-informed, mutual support from self-
advocacy, etc. This would create difficulties for me to make adjustment and engage in team-
based tasks. However, reducing clinical errors, improving process outcomes, increasing family
satisfaction, reducing resident as well as family grievances and their complaints are some
benefits of working in team.
17

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bowen, D. M. and Pieren, J. A., 2019. Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene E-Book: Theory and
Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Bryant, J. and et. al., 2019. Effectiveness of interventions to increase participation in advance
care planning for people with a diagnosis of dementia: a systematic review. Palliative
medicine. 33(3). pp.262-273.
Donnelly, S., Begley, E. and O’Brien, M., 2019. How are people with dementia involved in care-
planning and decision-making? An Irish social work perspective. Dementia. 18(7-8).
pp.2985-3003.
Epstein, A. S., and et. al., 2019. Giving voice to patient values throughout cancer: a novel nurse-
led intervention. Journal of pain and symptom management. 58(1). pp.72-79.
Etges, A. P. B. D. S. and et. al., 2019. A proposed enterprise risk management model for health
organizations. Journal of Risk Research. 22(4). pp.513-531.
Fealy, G. and et. al., 2019. Clinical handover practices among healthcare practitioners in acute
care services: A qualitative study. Journal of clinical nursing. 28(1-2). pp.80-88.
Graber, M. L. and et. al., 2019. Electronic health record–related events in medical malpractice
claims. Journal of patient safety. 15(2). p.77.
Harrison Dening, K., Sampson, E. L. and De Vries, K., 2019. Advance care planning in
dementia: recommendations for healthcare professionals. Palliative Care: Research and
Treatment. 12. p.1178224219826579.
Holtrop, J. S. and et. al., 2019. Analysis of novel care management programs in primary care: An
example of mixed methods in health services research. Journal of Mixed Methods
Research. 13(1). pp.85-112.
Jennings, L. A., and et. al., 2019. The effect of a comprehensive dementia care management
program on end‐of‐life care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 67(3). pp.443-
448.
Jönsson, B. and et. al., 2019. Advanced therapy medicinal products and health technology
assessment principles and practices for value-based and sustainable healthcare. The
European Journal of Health Economics. 20(3). pp.427-438.
Laverack, G., 2019. Public health: power, empowerment and professional practice. Macmillan
International Higher Education.
Lim, E., Wynaden, D. and Heslop, K., 2019. Changing practice using recovery‐focused care in
acute mental health settings to reduce aggression: A qualitative study. International
journal of mental health nursing, 28(1), pp.237-246.
Lin, I. and et. al., 2020. What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like? Eleven
consistent recommendations from high-quality clinical practice guidelines: systematic
review. British journal of sports medicine. 54(2). pp.79-86.
Lum, H. D. and et. al., 2019. Design and implementation of patient portal–based advance care
planning tools. Journal of pain and symptom management. 57(1). pp.112-117.
Nekhlyudov, L. and et. al., 2019. Developing a quality of cancer survivorship care framework:
implications for clinical care, research, and policy. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer
Institute. 111(11). pp.1120-1130.
18

O'Brien, M. R. and et. al., 2019. Meeting patients’ spiritual needs during end‐of‐life care: A
qualitative study of nurses’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of spiritual care
training. Journal of clinical nursing. 28(1-2). pp.182-189.
Sellars, M. and et. al., 2019. Perspectives of people with dementia and carers on advance care
planning and end-of-life care: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative
studies. Palliative medicine. 33(3). pp.274-290.
Swearingen, P. L. and Wright, J., 2019. All-in-One Nursing Care Planning Resource-E-Book:
Medical-Surgical, Pediatric, Maternity, and Psychiatric-Mental Health. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Tark, A. and et. al., 2019. Variations in physician orders for life-sustaining treatment program
across the nation: environmental scan. Journal of palliative medicine. 22(9). pp.1032-
1038.
White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S. and Terhaar, M. F. eds., 2019. Translation of evidence into
nursing and healthcare. Springer Publishing Company.
Wisner, K., Lyndon, A. and Chesla, C. A., 2019. The electronic health record’s impact on
nurses’ cognitive work: An integrative review. International journal of nursing studies.
Wylie, L. and McConkey, S., 2019. Insiders’ insight: discrimination against indigenous peoples
through the eyes of health care professionals. Journal of racial and ethnic health
disparities. 6(1). pp.37-45.
Online
Barriers to Advance Care Planning at the End of Life: An Explanatory Systematic Review of
Implementation Studies. 2018. [Online] Available Through:<
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334528/>.
19