LTE Network Optimization and Data Rates

This assignment delves into methods for enhancing the performance of Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, particularly by increasing data rates. It examines the use of carrier aggregation to leverage multiple frequency bands simultaneously, as well as the impact of diverse antenna systems on achieving higher data transmission speeds. The document discusses how coordination between transmission points and network node paths can contribute to improved data rate patterns over long distances.

Digital Modulation Schemes used in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Systems
Report

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Literature Review............................................................................................................................1
Requirements...................................................................................................................................3
Critical Analysis..............................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
References........................................................................................................................................6

Introduction
The case is about the LTE cellular networks which is mainly for handling the mobile communication
technology using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. It is mainly based on the increased
capacity and the speed that makes use of the different interface of the radio with the network
improvements. The specifications are related to the working and handling the 4G LTE which relates to
the advancements of the WiMAX, evolvement of the high-speed packet access and the LTE to bring the
change in the 3G technologies. [1] The LTE Advanced is for the 3GP standards which includes the
technological advancements with the higher flexibility of the radio interface that mainly aims to handle
and bridge the gap between the 3rd and the 4th generation. The 3GPP works on the requirements which
includes the systems that support the peak data rates for 100Mbps in the downlink. The downlink is
averaged with the user throughput and the spectrum efficiency. The OFDM is for the utilization of the
digital multi-carrier modulation methods, where the data is transmitted on the different narrow band
subcarriers. [2]
Literature Review
The LTE downlink make use of OFDM, where the uplink is mainly for the different types of the
modulation schemes, which is known as the single-carrier frequency division multiplexity. The OFDM is
for the high peak to average the power ratio that requires to work on the linear power amplifier with
the overall forms of the lower efficiency. The poor quality is for the operations of the battery handsets
with the SC FDMA that has a lower PAPR which is for the portable implementation. The LTE provides the
spectral efficiency which is mainly for the higher data rates with the permits that are set for the different
multiple users. [3] There are divisions which are for the specific channels and for carrying the spacing in
the subcarriers that are orthogonal. It mainly comes with the subcarrier spacing and handling the LTE
Channel spacing, where the high speed of the serial data need to be transmitted which is then divided
into the slower streams as well with the modulation to one of the subcarriers.
OFDM makes the use of the frequency and the time that is mainly for the handling of data spread. With
this, there is a need to analyze the higher speeds with the signal reliability. It is based on the subcarriers
and how the data is set with different symbols that are for the multiple bits like Q PSK 2 bits, 16QAM 4
bits, and 64QAM 6 bits. [4] The range with the higher-level modulation is set with the higher rate of
data.

The check is on handling the deals with the assignment of the multiple users with the shared forms of
the communication resource. The OFDMA scheme is based on working with the DFT processing and
handling the elements which are related to the lower PAPR with the benefits related to the reduced cost
of the power amplifier. With this, the analysis is based on the performance gaps which are small and the
SC-FDMA advantage is mainly of the lower PAPR that is for the uplink wireless transmission taking hold
of the communication system. [5] The constellation symbols are for the sequence of bits which are
transmitted like BPSK (Size=1), QPSK (L=M2), and M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. There are
different transmitter users which are assigned for the different Fourier coefficients to mainly handle the
mapping and the de-mapping of the blocks. The receiver side is for the de-mapping block with IDFT and
detection for the user signals. The guard intervals with the cyclic repetition are introduced with the
symbols which are mainly for the time spread factors mainly by the multi-path proportion.
In SC-FDMA, the multiple access is mainly among the users which is made possible through the
assignment of the different users that tends to take a set for the non-overlapping of the Fourier
coefficients and the sub-carriers. [6] The SC-FDMA is mainly to take hold of the single carrier transmit
signal with OFDMA that is for the transmission scheme. The subcarrier mapping could be localized and
the distributed mapping. The localized mapping is set with the DFT outputs that are set of the
consecutive subcarriers mainly to confine to the system fraction. Here, the case is related to the
occupied forms of the subcarriers that are spaced over the entire bandwidth.

Requirements
The major advantages of OFDM are the efficient use of the spectrum which is set for the overlapping
with divisions of the channel that is set into the narrowband flat fading sub channels. It is mainly
resistant to the frequency which is for the selective fading than the single carrier systems. The
elimination of the ISI and IFI is mainly using the cyclic prefix, where the use of the adequate channel
coding and the interleaving is where one can easily recover the symbols that are lost due to the
selectivity of the frequency. The channel equalization is simple with the use of adaptive equalization
techniques and the single carrier systems. [7] The possibility is based on handling the reasonable forms
of the complexity measures. The OFDM is also for the use of the maximum likelihood with the focus on
the use of FFT techniques that are set with the modulation and the demodulation of the functions. It is
seen that they are less sensitive to the sampling timing offsets and has been set for the different types
of the system carriers. The protection is mainly against any type of co-channel interference with the
parasitic noise that is set like the amplitude and the large dynamic range which requires to handle the
RF power amplifiers with the higher peak to the average ratio of power.
OFDM is the form of the signal modulation which can divide the higher rate of the data that has been
set on the modulating stream and is then placed on the slow forms of the modulated narrowband
spaced subcarriers. The modulation is mainly adopted with the Wi-Fi Arena where the standards like
802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac are equipped with the telecommunication. The broadcasting standards are
set with the adoption to the Digital Radio Model which is for the long and the short-wave bands. The
system includes the spaced modulated carriers where the modulation is in the form of the data and the
voice. It is, then applied to the sidebands which is spread with all the important forms of the receiver to
be able to handle the signal with the data demodulation. The signals are then transmitted to the other
which are spaced and worked on through the easy processes.
OFDM Spectrum
The requirements are based on working over the receiving and transmitting systems which are linear.
For the non-linearity, there is an interference which is mainly set in between the carriers. This is the

result for the inter-modulation distortion designing with introduction of some of the unwanted signals
that leads to cause the interference with the impairing of the orthogonality of the transmission. The
patterns are based on working over the multi-carrier systems with OFDM focusing on the RF final
amplifier where the output of the transmitter can handle the peak with the lower average power. Along
with this, the efficiency is also measured based on how the carriers of the signal are measured with
easily handling the payload. [8] This reduce the data rate that is taken by each carrier. The major focus is
on the interference with the distribution of data that is set with some advantages.
Critical Analysis
The system is based on the handling of the peak data rates which are for 100 Mbps for the downlink and
for 50 Mbps which is for the uplink. Here, the downlink and the uplink is for the user throughput per
MHz where there are 5% point of the CDF. The requirements are based on the higher degree of
commonality of functionality with flexibility to support and work on the different range of the services
and the applications in the effective manner. This will help in improving the user-friendly applications,
services and the equipment with the worldwide roaming capability and the enhancement in the peak
data rates that are set for handling the advancement of the services and the applications. The LTE
advanced requirements are based on meeting the increased peak data rates to reach the ITU
requirements based on improvement of the cell edge data. The other requirements are based on
working over the peak data rates which are related to the latency, system that can support the downlink
peak spectral efficiency with the configurations based on defining the base of the coverage with inter-
site distance of 500m and the pedestrian users. The advancement is set with the features of the
downlink and the uplink implementation where the SC-FDMA is for the configuration with the
equalization that is at the receiver side, with DFT calculations and handling the frequency selective
fading and phase distortion. [9] The major advantage is based on working with the equalization process
which is achieved through the receiver side after the calculation of DFT is done.
With OFDM, the user requirements are based on the ability to handle the channel conditions and then
work on the attenuation for the higher frequency with the long copper wire. The narrowband
interference with the frequency selective fading is mainly set due to the multi-path. This is to take hold
of the higher spectral efficiency which is then compared to the other kinds of the double sideband
modulation schemes. They are important and efficiency based on the implementation using the FFT
(Fast Fourier Transform). The accuracy with the frequency synchronization is mainly in between the
receiver and the transmitter which includes the cross talk between the sub-carriers. The effects are

based on the forms which include the worsening of the speed with the simplified type of the
equalization process that is caused by the multipath propagation. [10]
The OFDMA is for the multiuser version with the frequency that is defined for the multiple access and to
handle the assigning of the subsets to the different individual users. They are mainly to allow the lower
data rates that are set from the different users. The focus is on allowing the simultaneous low data rate
transmission from the different users with the improvement of the robustness and the fading with the
needs of the modification to the air interface. This will also enable the single frequency network
coverage with resistance and gain to the frequency selective fading.
Conclusion
The performance of the systems of LTE is based on the Shannon limit which is based on managing the
higher rates of the data. Along with this, there is a need to focus on the signal to noise ratios where the
approaches are based on the improvement of the values. One can easily meet the higher peak data rate
requirements with the compatibility set through the different LTE carrier components. [4] The
implantation could also be helpful for the improvement of the data rates with the use of the different
antenna system. The coordination is based on involving the transmission points and then setting the
network node paths with the long distances where the other nodes are eliminated, thereby, allowing
the higher data rate patterns.

References
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apparatus for synchronization in an ofdma evolved utra wireless communication system. United
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