How to Write a Case Study: Bookmarkable Guide

Running head: CASE SCENARIO 1
Case Scenario
Name of Author
Institution of Affiliation
Date of Submission

CASE SCENARIO 2
Case scenario
Daniel is a 62 year old builder with a history of cardiovascular
disease. He became dizzy while at work and fell resulting in a
large laceration to his lower left leg. Following presenting to the
emergency department his vital signs are HR 93bpm, RR 16bpm,
BP 104/95 mmHg, T 37.8 o Celsius. His wound is red and warm to
touch. The area around the injury is swollen and painful.
1. Write a 500 word explanation of how do body responds to
injury including the nursing care (containing medications)
aimed to address the body’s specific response to injury or
clinical manifestations?
The body’s system responds to injury by undergoing inflammation processes.
Inflammation or swelling process refers to the process where the white blood cells and other
chemicals help to prevent infection. Inflammation is characterized by heat, redness, swelling,
and pain all being clinical manifestation that Daniel is going through. Redness and heat or
warmth are as a result of an increase of the flow of blood in the around the wounded area. On
the other hand, swelling occurs as a result of an increase in movement of fluid and blood
cells around the wounded area. The occurrence of pain as in the case of Daniel occurs as a
result of the production of chemicals such as chemokines and squezzing of nerves around the
injured area.
When inflammation is taking place, the small arteries enlarge when providing blood to
the wounded area thus leading to increased blood flow. Also, the capillaries become easier
for proteins and fluids to infiltrate and the body releases neutrophils to the affected area (Jeon
& Kim, 2017).The main purpose of the inflammation process in the body is to prevent and
limit infection as well as the reduction of further injury. Also, inflammation occurs to initiate
an adaptive immune response and to initiate the healing process.
The two different kinds of inflammation include acute inflammation and chronic
inflammation. Acute inflammation occurs as a short-term response with localized effects. In
this case, the blood vessel enlarges thereby resulting into an increase in blood flow to the area

CASE SCENARIO 3
affected. The white blood cell accumulates in the area thus promoting healing. On the other
hand, chronic inflammation has effects that last longer not only in the affected area but in the
whole body. It produces a gives rise into a steady low level of inflammation.
Acute inflammation is the basis of a healthy immune system and is a significant first
step in fighting infection. However, when inflammation is continuously activated, it becomes
chronic leading to chronic disorders and illness. As a result, there is a need for nursing care
and medication that are aimed at influencing the body’s response to injury and the resulting
clinical manifestation (Duchesne & Duke, 2018).
NSAIDs reduce inflammation by inhibiting the function of the cyclooxygenase (COX)
enzyme thus which reduces the production of prostaglandins. As a result of inflammation and
tissue damage, the membrane phospholipids are first converted to arachidonic acid by an
enzyme referred to as phospholipase A2. Arachidonic acid is then converted to either
prostaglandin through the COZ pathway or leukotrienes by lipoxygenase. In other words,
NSAIDs help in relieving pain, swelling, heat, and fever by inhibiting the functions of
prostaglandins (Costantini & Coimbra, 2017). Some of the common NSAIDs include
Naproxen, Indomethacin, Meloxicam, and Celecoxib.
The most common steroid medication is corticosteroids which are known to exert their
anti-inflammatory effects via the influence of many signal transduction pathways. Their aim
is to turn off various genes that are involved in inflammatory through hindrance of HAT and
HDAC2 mechanisms (Sahlmann & Ströbel, 2016).
The nursing management to anti-inflammatory drugs is assessing patient response to
medication, obtaining the history of any allergic responses, educating the patient on effective
ways of using the medications as well as checking any side effects that may occur as a result
of using such medications.