3CASE STUDY
Complementary and alternative medicines: Many people can go for herbal supplements like
fennel and chamomile and physical therapies like chiropractic and massage to decrease crying
time (Johnson, Cocker & Chang, 2015).
Answer 4:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a disease associated with frequent flow
back of the stomach acid back into the esophagus tube. Some of the signs and symptoms of
GERD includes chest pain, burning sensation, swallowing difficulty, regurgitation of food and
sensation of lump in the throat.
The pathophysiological changes associated with this disease includes visceral sensitivity,
epithelial resistance and reflux exposure. The pathophysiology is multifactorial and it caused
mainly due to imbalance between protective mechanisms and aggressive chemical substances.
Oesophageal mucosa has many protective barriers like pre-epithelial, epithelial and post-
epithelial defences and the failure of protective mechanism has been linked to be one of the
cause behind GERD. Due to compromise of the anti-reflux barrier and poor ability of the
esophagus to buffer the refluxate, it is exposed to the gastric refluxate, a noxious material that
elicits the symptoms of GERD (Tack & Pandolfino, 2018). Thus, this disease develops due to
alterations in the balance between aggressive and defensive forces within the system.
Answer 5:
Medication: Route, dosage Pharmacological action Contraindications
Gaviscon sachets: mixed into
breastmilk and given orally
It is an antacid that works by
binding to phosphates in the
intestine and thus reducing
Phosphate supplement,
sodium polystyrene sulfonate
and antacids are known to

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