Case Study 2: Pathophysiological Changes, Walking Frame, Incontinence, and Interdisciplinary Team

This case study discusses the pathophysiological changes observed in a patient with COPD, the use of a walking frame for support due to osteoarthritis, treatment options for incontinence in a 75-year-old patient, and the importance of an interdisciplinary team for patient care. It also highlights the impact of chronic illness on social, emotional/psychological, physical, and financial aspects of a patient's life.

Case study 2

Table of Contents
11......................................................................................................................................................3
12......................................................................................................................................................3
13......................................................................................................................................................3
14......................................................................................................................................................3
15......................................................................................................................................................4
16......................................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

11
There is chance of dyspnoea which can be there and have impact of shortness of breath. COPD is
there which can cause productive cough, this also lead to change in body temperature which can
be due to any infection or illness. There is chance of coronary artery disease or hypertension
which can impact the pathophysiological changes within body. Patient is also suffering form the
oxygen deficiency where oxygen saturation should me 95 or higher. Such type of
pathophysiological changes can be observed within patient (Gambardella, (2020)).
12.
There are various reason to use the walking frame where one of the main cause is Osteoarthritis
which is the medical history of patient where due to suffering from various sign and symptoms
which show the risk of different disease. To get proper support in walking and getting support
due to any sign that can lead to create increased risk of frail. This make the situation to use the
walking frame. This can help to walk and making balance along with provides strength to uphold
the balance to walk through passage. This also provides support during walk of feeling some
health issues like risk of frail (Krenn, (2017)).
13.
At the age of 75, patient needs to focus on the behavioural treatment programs like self-
monitoring about bladder diary, muscle training techniques, stress strategies, pelvic floor muscle
exercise regimens are some of the strategies which can help to provide better strength for
reducing the number of episodes of incontinence(Urinary incontinence, (2021)). There is also
need to enhance the intake of fiber products, should avoid the caffeine, alcohol or smoking
should be quit for the better control over the episodes of incontinence (Lifestyle and Behavioral
Therapies for Urinary Incontinence, (2014)).
14.
Social: Due to chronic illness social life is highly impacted and due to age of 70, there are
very less people rather than family are able to meet on constant basis. Which shows that social
live get destructed due to staying in supervision.

Emotional/Psychological: Voula's may feel tired due to various sign and symptom and
deteriorating health which can impact the emotional state and can enhance the emotion to stay
healthy.
Physical: due to medical history and sign of various disease can impact the physical
health and Voula's can feel weak and unhealthy.
Financial: There is so much cost for the health treatment, diagnosis and other expenses
which is regarding getting better health. This impact the finance which is due to more expenses
over deteriorating health and for better and improved health (Anagnostopoulos, (2017)).
15.
There are many reasons which can lead to create osteoarthritis with individual where in
case of Voula's there is chance of to much smoking or fall can be the reason of getting
osteoarthritis. Due to smoking, there is high chance of getting musculoskeletal condition which
can enhance the chances of osteoarthritis. Age, gender, genetic and race are also risk factor for
the osteoarthritis within individual where in this case there is high risk of osteoarthritis is
smoking and age (Calce, (2018)).
16.
There is need for physicians, nurse, case manager, social worker and physical therapist
that altogether work for better and effective response that can work as a interdisciplinary team
for the health improvement of Voula's health. These can work collaboratively and perform their
own function for better care and treatment for patients improved health (Dolce, (2017)).

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Anagnostopoulos, (2017). The synergy of the refugee crisis and the financial crisis in Greece:
Impact on mental health. International journal of social psychiatry, 63(4), 352-358.
Calce, (2018). The relationship of age, activity, and body size on osteoarthritis in weight-bearing
skeletal regions. International journal of paleopathology, 22, 45-53.
Dolce, (2017). Expanding collaborative boundaries in nursing education and practice: the nurse
practitioner-dentist model for primary care. Journal of Professional Nursing, 33(6), 405-
409.
Gambardella, (2020). Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of
physical activity in hypertension. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich,
Conn.), 22(2), 291.
Krenn, (2017). Hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by compound heterozygous mutations
outside the motor domain of the KIF1A gene. European journal of neurology, 24(5),
741-747.
Online
Urinary incontinence, (2021), [Online] Available through <https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/urinary-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20352808>
Lifestyle and Behavioral Therapies for Urinary Incontinence, (2014) [Online] Available through
<https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/lifestyle-and-behavioral-therapies-for-
urinary-incontinence/item/855#.YRzsnHUzab8>