Pathophysiology of T2DM and Medications for Emily

Case study

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Describing the pathophysiology of T2DM associated with the case....................................1
1.2 Differentiating between T2DM and T1DM..........................................................................2
1.3 Examining reasons the BGL is high upon admission of Emily............................................3
PART 2 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................4
2.1 Examining three medications taken by Emily......................................................................4
2.2 Discussing the blood results one from prior to surgery and one from the clinic visit of
Emily’s BGL and HbA1c............................................................................................................5
PART 3 QUESTIONS.....................................................................................................................5
3.1 Critically evaluating the renal function test of Emily...........................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
This study is based on case study where complete pathophysiology associated with
T2DM will be outlined with key relevant evaluation of the medication taken by the patient.
Moreover, this study also focuses on critically evaluating the key indications associated with the
Emily’s renal function test.
PART 1 QUESTIONS
1.1 Describing the pathophysiology of T2DM associated with the case.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered to be as a chronic disease which has been
significantly categorized as a high degree of sugar within the blood. The body does not produce
enough degree of insulin. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been categorized as a peripheral insulin
resistance, decline or failure in β- cell function and reduced regulation of the production of
hepatic glucose (Browne, Nefs, Pouwer, & Speight, (2015)). In the type 2 diabetes mellitus the
tissues of the peripheral resists the key effects associated with the insulin. The pathophysiology
of the type 2 diabetes mellitus is mainly linked with the degree of the insulin within the body and
the capability of the body to effectively utilize the insulin. The pancreatic beta cells helps in
effectively releasing the insulin because of the increased level of blood glucose concentration. In
order to function the brain normally it requires glucose continuously. In this specific case the
Emily has a blood glucose level of 22.9 mmol/L which tends to indicate that she has severe
symptoms related with the high blood sugar. The key relevant symptoms related with the type 2
diabetes mellitus are increased thirst, blurred vision, frequent urination, blurred vision, fatigue
and hunger. The key significant risk factors associated with the T2DM in the Emily is that she
has been overweight with 105kg and her height is 167cm. Emily also has a family history of type
2 diabetes. Her mother and older sister were both diagnosed with T2DM in their early 50. This
increases the risk of Emily to get T2DM. Inactivity among the patient also increases the risk of
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emily has relevant degree of problem related with the knee problem
which makes it difficult for her to walk. The key significant treatment associated with the type 2
diabetes mellitus mainly comprise of exercise and diet, insulin therapy and medication. Giving
metformin to the patient is considered to be as the first prescribed medication for the treatment of
type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is very useful in lowering the production of the glucose within the
liver and helps in improving the sensitivity of the body towards insulin (Leslie, Taylor, Harris, &
Lean, (2017)). This medication treatment helps the patient in using the insulin more effectively.
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