Case Study Nursing Management in Pathophysiology
Added on 2020-11-12
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1QUESTION SET A .........................................................................................................................1Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes ............................................................................................1Management approaches for hypertensive diabetic patient ........................................................2Education Plan for supporting care and treatment needs related to the disease progression ......4CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTIONChronic diseases are known as the long lasting or the terminal diseases which not onlyrequires medications but also requires necessary clinical and nursing management approaches.The chronic diseases such as diabetes are greatly affected by the life style and managementapproaches. Thus, education plans which enhances the understanding of treatment and care needsare considered as important approaches (Powers & et.al., 2017). The report will evaluate thepathophysiology and nursing management approachers for a diabetic patient in reference togiven case study. It will also provide an educational plan so that support services for the diabetescan be improved and managed properly. QUESTION SET A Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes Pathophysiology is defined as the analysis of the physiological changes which appears asthe result of any injury or disease. The study of pathophysiology of diabetes is important as itenhances the understanding of diseases so that nurses can prepare efficient treatment plans forthe practice. The working and clear knowledge of pathophysiology also assist in discovery ofclinical facts and for developing strong reasoning for the symptoms and medical interventions.Another aspect which highlights the importance of pathophysiology is that care services can beimproved only if nurses are capable to measure and monitor the disease progression.Pathophysiological knowledge allows effective partnership between nurses, medical staff andpatients (Hingorani & et.al., 2016). Thus, as per the given case study also, for providingappropriate medication and the quality of services pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes isimportant to know so that better treatment plan can be prepared for Bill McDonald. The significance of the pathophysiology is also demonstrated in the given case study.Bill McDonald is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurses observed that though he does nothave any lesion but in both legs pitting oedema was present. In the diabetic patients it is evidentthat foot nerves may get affected and small cuts or lesions are not sensed by the body. Thus, toprevent infection and other serious complications they must be regularly checked and cautionmust be taken. The pathophysiology of pitting oedema and diabetes helped care nurse to identifythat some medications for diabetes can also result in oedema (Bilo & et.al., 2015). However,there are several other reasons as well for this issue. Hence, pathophysiology provides supportiveconclusions for explaining such changes in the body which can bother patient as well as health1
outcomes. In certain cases for making the diagnosis and treatment interventions healthprofessionals must understand the underlying causes and background which is not possiblewithout pathophysiological knowledge. Similarly, Bill also informed that he experience tirednessin his eyes. The blurred vision and damage to retina are also important changes in the diabeticpatients. Thus, the in-depth knowledge of pathophysiology will assist to take timely steps todetermine the exact rationale for this tiredness and to assure that it is not turning into gradualblurriness or visionary problems. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also known as adult onset diabetes and is very common amongobese people. It is non-insulin dependent diabetes and is milder than compare to type 1. WithT2D small amount of insulin is produced by the pancreas but either body develops highresistance for it or produced insulin is insufficient to meet the needs of body. When bodydevelops insulin resistance then glucose does not enter into cells and accumulates in blood(McKnight & et.al., 2015). It increases the sugar level and pancreas is required to make moreefforts for producing insulin. This results in strain and gradually pancreas becomes unable togenerate necessary amount of insulin. The progression of T2D can be controlled by weightmanagement, medications, nutritious diet and physical activities. Thus, T2D is combination ofinsulin resistance, inadequate secretion of insulin and inappropriate secretion of glucagon. Along with the genetic reason environment factors are also critical elements for the onsetof type 2 diabetes. This has been also observed in the case of Bill. The patient has family historyof diabetes. His mother had diabetes and thus there were higher risks of patient for suffering withthe disease. The environment factors such as life style changes, smoking and drinking can alsocause T2D. The excessive consumption of alcohol decreases the sensitivity of human bodytowards insulin (Care, 2019). The heavy drinking and smoking for prolong period also causeschronic pancreatitis which can worsen the diabetes. Bill has been chain smoker and drinker foraround 35 years which gave the strong pathological concept for the development of T2D whichis also known as adulthood diabetes which occurs due to unhealthy life style.Management approaches for hypertensive diabetic patient Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with the adulthood and the life style practices. Thus,hypertension and life style related factors can significantly affect its onset and progression. Theintegration of hypertension and T2D is very lethal and can increase the vulnerabilities of strokeand diabetes. This combination can also encourage kidney diseases and issues related to blood2
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