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Case Study on Drug Induced Anaphylaxis

   

Added on  2020-04-01

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Running head: CASE STUDY ON DRUG INDUCED ANAPHYLAXISCASE STUDY ON DRUG INDUCED ANPHYLAXISName of the StudentName of the universityAuthor’s note

1CASE STUDY ON DRUG INDUCED ANAPHYLAXISDRUG INDUCED ANAPHYLAXISAnaphylaxis is a potentially life threatening condition of the body that is caused due toallergic reactions. This occurs when a person is exposed to potential allergen like food, certainmedicines, mold spores, insect stings, anesthetics, dusts, latex, some chemicals present incosmetics and more. The different anaphylactic agents may be introduced in the body byingestion, inhalation or by direct skin contact (Adkinson et ala., 2013). The defense cells of ourbody can identify these external agents as foreign body and generate certain chemicals thatgenerate immune reaction in the body. This immune reaction may be heightened giving rise tosevere anaphylactic reactions, depending upon the type of the allergen (Harper et al., 2010). Some drugs may be identified as allergen by the immune cells and may give rise toanaphylactic reactions, which can generate life threatening conditions. The intake of drug canoccur via any route. Some non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can give rise to anaphylaxis(Aun et al., 2014). This essay aims to focus on the hypersensitivity reaction or the anaphylaxis reactionsinduced by the broadspectrum antibiotic Flucloxacillin. In the case study Jim palmer who hasbeen brought to the emergency department due to the cellulutis in his lower leg has shownanaphylactic shock reactions after the application of flucloxacillin (Torres & Blanca, 2010) . A medicine cannot have same effect on every person. Different persons react differentlyto a particular medicine. The common symptoms that are of lower risks include rashes, swellingof lips and skin, reddening of eyes and skins. Some persons might not develop any adversereactions at all (Aun et al., 2014). The allergen triggered immune cells like the mast cells releasechemicals that sticks to the IgE type antibody and give rise to an immune response. This immune

2CASE STUDY ON DRUG INDUCED ANAPHYLAXISreaction is a type of chain reaction. The immune system of the body helps to defend the bodyagainst infections. The immune system reacts with some antibiotics in many ways (Thong &Tan, 2011). The body identifies a particular drug as allergen or a foreign invader and raisesimmune response which might lead to anaphylactic shock (Adam et al., 2011). This heightenedimmune response may give rise to inflammatory reactions causing troubled breathing, swellingand reddening of the skin, development of rashes, wheeziness and many more (Demoly eta .,2012). Drug induced anaphylactic reactions are mainly caused due to the IgE type of antibody orthe T-helper cells. How anaphylactic reaction is caused by the IgE antibody is well investigatedbut reaserches are still going on to investigate the role of the T-cells (Lieberman, 2008). Recentresearches have thrown light upon the concepts centering the drug reaction. One is the haptenand the prohapten concept and the interactions of the immune receptors present in the immunecells by the antibiotics (Adam, Pichler & Yerly, 2011). In T cell mediated allergic drug reaction, the antibiotics can stimulate the T-cell receptorwhich can lead to the formation of a cross-reactive major histocompatibility polypeptidecompound. Therefore, it is not that previous interaction with the drug is obligatory (Dona et al.,2011). Hapten carrier complexes can be antigenic to both B and T cells. The B cells that are drugspecific can proliferate into plasma cells, which can give rise to hypersensitive reactions. For thisreason the hypersensitive characteristics of the developed drug should be assessed for its haptenlike characteristics and its ability to give rise to an anaphylactic reaction (Mcneil et al., 2015).Furthermore the cross reactive antigens which are drug independent can also cause sensitizationwhich may lead to drug allergy.

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