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Case study on Respiratory System PDF

   

Added on  2021-04-17

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Running head: CASE STUDY ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEMCase Study On Respiratory SystemName of the Student:Name of the University:Author Note:

CASE STUDY ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM1Response to Question 1.According to several medical studies, asthma can be classified into six types,depending on the source of stimulation of the disease. These types are allergic asthma,asthma without allergy, Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD), asthma inducedby exercise, asthma due to cough variation, and asthma from occupational causes. From theinformation of the case study, Tegan Smith had been suffering from wheezing, fatigue,cough, stuffy nose, watery eyes, and postnasal drainage for seven days. Thus, she likely tohave suffered from inherited allergic asthma. For allergic asthma, the nutritional environmentis considered as the source of stimulation. From the pathophysiological aspect, allergicashtma results probably from the anomalous expansion of CD4+ T cells which produce typetwo cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). However, the necessary cause forallergic asthma would be type 2 cytokine IL-13 (Thomsen, 2015). Her mother ChristineSmith had symptomps like nasal polyps, allergy and sinusitis. Thus, Tegan must havesuffered from AERD and on Tegan's part her symptomps had been influenced both bygenetic and environmental factors. AERD is an acute medical condition where nadsal polypsis developed as a symptom and the patient becomes sensitive to Aspirine. From the casestudy, it is clear that she did not develop occupational asthma, so in her case asthma is causeddue to multiple interacting genes. Some have protective effect while others contribute to thedisease pathogenesis. Each gene has its own propensity to be controlled by the environment.Moreover, as Tegan had inherited this disease from her mother, it is clear that this disease isautosomally inherited (Bønnelykke et al., 2015).Response to Question 2.Asthma is a common chronic disease which causes notable disability and social load.It shows highly complex airway-obstruction disease conditions. Asthma is a common

CASE STUDY ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM2respiratory disease occurring now-a-days. The respiratory disease follows the reduction inperfusion and ventilation. One of the significant causes of asthma is airflow obstruction.According to Doeing and Solway (2013), chronic inflammation of airways is recognized asone of the major causes asthma. Inflammation in asthmatic airways not only infects thebronchi and trachea but also affects the terminal bronchioles and parenchyma. Inflammationshould reach a certain limit to show the symptoms in animal body. The level of inflammationdoes not relate to asthma extremity but relates to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Theenhanced airway responsiveness caused by asthma, is a noticeable physiological abnormality.It is present even when the airway is functioning normally. The medical condition of asthmais composite, with various inflammatory cells and various mediators resulting in chronic andserious inflammatory effects on the airways. However, the significant advances can beachieved by comprehending asthma pathogenesis. It can be done by applying new molecularand genetic techniques. The development of new specifically chosen drugs analyze theinteracting pathways operated in asthma. Recently, the death caused by asthma has beenreduced to a certain percentage, however, the asthma patients continue to face poor controlover the symptoms of asthma (Burrowes et al., 2013).Response to Question 3.The several treatment options available for curing asthma in Australia are-I.Antileukotrienes or leukotriene modifiersII.Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)III.Oral corticosteroids (OCS)IV.Long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists (operated with any other asthma-related medication)V.MethylxanthinesVI.Immunomodulators

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