Pathophysiology and Patient Scenario | Case Study

Running Head: Nursing Assignment
Case Study Analysis
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note

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Case Study Analysis
Introduction
The assignment will focus on case study of Mr Roger Wilson who is a patient
of 32-year-old man with chronic pneumonia and he is a gym instructor by profession. The
patient was admitted to hospital due to fever, breathlessness and chest pain. This assignment
will focus on the pharmacological interventions with proper reference of pathophysiology.
The person was diagnosed with bilateral pneumonia due to infection. The main three
pharmacological interventions or medications which are given to the patient, are; IV
benzylpenicillin, Doxycycline 200mg and Salbutamol (Ventolin). Pharmacological
interventions and pathophysiology will help tom understand patient’s condition in a better
way.
Discussion
Pathophysiology and patient scenario
Mr Roger Wilson is suffered from the bilateral pneumonia which is also known as
double pneumonia. In this condition, both lungs are infected by virus, fungus and bacteria.
Inflammation, filling of pus and mucous cause different symptoms such as shortness of
breath and difficulties in respiration. Different types of pneumonia can be occurred by
various process of acquiring; such as community acquired, hospital acquired and ventilator
associated pneumonia. In community acquired pneumonia, virus, bacteria and fungus affect
the lungs. The pathogens cause infection in the lungs and fluids are accumulated in the
alveolar. The bacteria can be spread by various ways into the body such as through the
bloodstream and the breathing air (Zambare & Thalkari, 2019). The bacteria enter into the
body and passes to the bloodstream of lungs. After the entrance of bacteria, infection spreads
in different organs of the body especially the parts of lungs get highly affected. Fluids are
accumulated in the alveoli or the air sacs of lungs due to infection. Therefore the

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Case Study Analysis
accumulation of pus and mucous or purulent material causes coughing, fever, chills and
respiratory abnormalities. The infection in the lungs gives rise to green cough with foul
smell and bad –tasting sputum. The systematic defence mechanisms like humoral and
complement regulated immunity is compromised in this condition (Kalil & Thomas, 2019).
The impaired cell mediated immunity depositors predispose the individual infection by
intracellular organisms and low level of virulence occurred by the help of different bacteria
and fungus. Condition of bilateral pneumonia gives rise to the infected sputum in the lobes of
lung and the oxygen production rate will drop. Due low oxygen production, dyspnoea can be
observed in lungs with shortness of breath. Dyspnoea is occurred due the infection on lungs
and gives rise to tachypnoea which increases the breathing rate. As a result, respiratory rate
will increase more than 20 breath per minute. Respiratory obstruction leads to the condition
of high heart rate or tachycardia for beating in a faster rate. Due to shortness breath, the heart
beats faster than the usual rate and as a result the high heart rate can be seen in the patient.
On the contrary, due to severe infection blood pressure becomes low. High heart rate will
decrease the blood pressure in human body (Di Pasquale et al., 2019). Tachycardia is
responsible for blood pressure in human. As in human body heart rate increases to collect
more blood in Atrium by pumping. Blood pressure drops automatically with the force of
plant moving in the veins. In this case heart rate and low blood pressure is associated with
infection of lungs. The person has a history of mild asthma from childhood and they
sometimes become worse during physical training. In this case study it has been shown that
Rodger and Matthew are suffering from flu like symptoms after shifting their gym to an old
warehouse place. As Roger was suffering from bilateral pneumonia his lungs are not
functioning well. Due to abnormal ladies in respiratory functions Rodger is facing difficulties
in breathing and high heart rate which is 128 BPM. He is suffering from fever with 38.8
degree Celsius. His respiratory rate was 31 breeds per minute which was quite higher than the

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Case Study Analysis
normal rate. Due to infection in lungs the diastolic blood pressure was quite low compared to
the normal rate. Diastolic blood pressure depends on the blood exertion within the arteries
between two consecutive heartbeats. Due to lung action blood pressure is low. After
admitting to the emergency department Rodger Ford some diaphoretic symptoms and he felt
slight chest pain with rate of 2 by 10 on numerical pain scale.
Relevant symptoms
Three most significant symptoms for pneumonia are:
Infection in lungs: Malodorous sputum is one of the most prevalent symptoms in the
context of this case study. Pneumonia is occurred due to inhalation of bio aerosol containing
pneumonia causing bacteria (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae). The infection reduces the
capacity of oxygen production in the alveoli for accumulation of pus and mucus. As
discussed before, bacteria related to pneumonia are transmitted by air and enter into the
patient (Méndez et al., 2018). Mr Roger and his partner are affected by air borne infection as
they have shifted to an old warehouse and transformed that place into gym. Lack of
dissemination of that place infection might affect both of them with respiratory problem or
infection in lungs.
Shortness of breathing and respiratory problem: Roger was a chronic asthma
patient as a result infection can worsen his lungs’ condition. The patient is a gym instructor
so heavy work is a part of his occupation. His condition get worse after performing different
physical exercise. Roger’s lungs get infected and shortness of breath and anxiety will be
observed for having chronic asthma.