Biology : Case Study questions and solutions
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Added on 2019-10-30
Biology : Case Study questions and solutions
Added on 2019-10-30
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This template must be used to answer the case study. (Please type your answers within the box underneath each question)Student name (LAST NAME first name):Student number:Campus:Tutorial session (time and room no.):Tutor’s name:1.Rationale for giving Mary a tetanus booster(Total: 5 marks)1.1What is the organism that causes tetanus and why is it of concern in this situation? Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that can contaminate wounds presented to soil or earth is an endospore-framing, bar molded bacterium that can cause lockjaw. For Mary's situation she had got an open injury when working in her garden and this couldhave presented her injury to the dirt and furthermore to the bacterium C. tetani. Lockjaw is caused because of two poisons discharged by the bacterium, tetanospasmin and tetanolysin, both of which are neurotoxins. There is however the lockjaw supporter antibody which can be given to Mary with the goal that she gets satisfactory assurance (Immunise.health.gov.au, 2017).1.2According to the guidelines in the “The Australian Immunisation Handbook” (Dept. of health, 2017) on administering a tetanus booster, discuss the rationale for giving Mary the tetanus boosterThe method of reasoning for giving Mary a lockjaw promoter is that she is 50 years old and all Australians over this age are suggested for a lockjaw toxoid supporter, especially on the off chance that they have not gotten one amid the past 10 years. Furthermore, there have been situations where a sponsor has not shielded individualswith minor injuries from getting lockjaw, so a supporter not long after the damage is typically given. Likewise, her presentation to cultivate soil puts Mary at a danger of Clostridium tetani disease.2.Physiological basis of the three wound observations (Total: 10 marks) 2.1For each of the three wound observations indicate, and provide a rationale, as to whether it is a sign or a symptom.The minute the injury takes place, the intense provocative reaction swings without hesitation. The arrival of a few biochemicals at the injury site attempt to achieve homeostasis and control the section of pathogens that could cause a disease.
2.2Discuss the physiological basis of the first observation.The edges of the injury are hot to touch and red because of an arrangement of intense incendiary reaction that is activated in case of damage. The chemicals that reason aggravation and are discharged at the damage site are the supplement framework segments, histamines, prostaglandins and a few kinins. The consolidated impact of these mixes and a few cytokinins expands the blood stream to the site so the edges seem, by all accounts, to be red in shading. Nitric oxide assumes a part in vasodilation, so the vessels close to the cut are enlarged for expanded blood stream. The prostaglandins, E1 amd E2 increment the vascular permeablity with the goal that neutrophils can extravasate from the vessels into the encompassing tissue and they likewise unwind the smooth muscles ofthe veins. An expansion in the temperature at the damage site makes the cells metbolize at a speedier rate, so the edges seem, by all accounts, to be hot (Craft, 2015).2.3Discuss the physiological basis of the second observation.The encompassing tissue is swollen on account of the spillage of liquid from the vessels. This prompts the development of exudate. The spaces between tissues are loaded with the protein-rich liquid and this causes swelling of the tissue. It is likewise alluded to as edema. Regularly the swollen tissue is difficult and limits movement in the influenced range, along these lines driving the patient to rest. This enables the procedure of repair to happen quicker (Marieb and Hoehn, 2014).2.4Discuss the physiological basis of the third observation.A purulent and musty release is seen from the injury and by then Mary is likewise febrile. A release of this nature is an unmistakable sign of a disease and that is the reason the human services staff sent an injury swab for culture testing and ID of the pathogen and its anti-infection affectability (Bowler, Duerden, and Armstrong, 2001). Following a contamination, the resistant framework reacts by expanding the volume ofexudate and there is an expansion in the swelling and agony. An oral anti-infection can be given to the patient keeping in mind the end goal to treat disease by a pathogen (Craft, 2015).3.Development and benefits of fever (Total: 5 marks).3.1How did Mary’s fever develop?Mary developed fever as an outcome of the provocative reaction to the contamination of her injury. Arrival of exogenous pyrogens as endotoxins discharged by the
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