Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 Topic 2 Collaboration within the Firm............................................................................................1 1. Analysis of decision-making challenge(s).........................................................................1 2. Technology Components...................................................................................................2 3. Formulate a plan for implementing technology solution...................................................3 4.) What specific barriers to...................................................................................................4 success do you see in your.....................................................................................................4 organisation?..........................................................................................................................4 Topic 3 Crowdsourcing beyond.......................................................................................................5 the Firm...........................................................................................................................................5 1. Analyse in detail how in the normative decision model crowdsourcing is being used......5 2. Specify the technology and the key features used..............................................................6 3 Describe which conventional decision-making problems of distortions are being overcome through crowdsourcing in the article......................................................................................7 4. In general, discuss and evaluate the objections andresistance to using crowdsourcing for making decisions....................................................................................................................8 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
INTRODUCTION Collaborationandcrowdsourcingaremajorpracticesthatwillbetakeninthe consideration by an organisation that will help to gain a good market share and meet operational requirements of wide range of actions which support a good growth and development of functions within an enterprise (Luzzini and et.al.2015). The proper utilization of different actions and activities will help in effective growth and operations in a better way. Besides this, it will help in better decision making and handling of wide range of situations that supports a good growth of company. For the report, Marks & Spencer has been taken as the cited enterprise. It is a UK based retail entity. The report will cover various decision-making challenges faced by firm and different technologies that are used to for it. An action plan will be formulated to meet the implementation and barrier for organisation‘s success Besides this, the normative decision making model has been discussed. The problem related to the crowdsourcing is also discussed with objections and resistance to it (Biemans, 2018). Topic 2 Collaboration within the Firm 1. Analysis of decision-making challenge(s) The major decision making challenges that are taken into consideration by Marks & Spencer to ensure better functioning and handling of operations and are as follows: Inability to identify market trends:This is major issue and causes organisation to lack behind than its competitors in market.Marks & Spencer has to see through better handling of business activities that will help in superficial management of actions followed by firm. If an enterprise is unable to cope up with changes that are going in market and make changes within the company accordingly, the firm has to see through major losses in customer base and revenue generation (Stevens & Johnson,2016). Lack of business self services:Marks & Spencer has to look after better handling of activities that will help in effective growth in operational capability of retail enterprise. The organisation will look after good management of operations to see through effective collection of data that will aid in better decision-making and help firm to explore data areas and growth for company in a better way. Besides this, it paves path of furr analysis of decision making in a better way. 1
Need of making use of proper information:the gathering of information sources is not enough for better growth and development of an enterprise. Marks & Spencer should have proper technology and sources to utilize the resources and data in order to generate good information which will help in proper handling of trade activities and decision- making process. It will also help organisation to get access to real time and practical situation in market place that will support good growth and development of an effective decision-making body within an organisation (Wong and et.al., 2015). Reliability of data: itis the major issue which is required to be looked after by organisation and facilitates good growth and development of business activities that are followed within organisation. It also helps in better management of business operations and supports good rise in functional capability and meeting of targeted goals and activities that are followed by an organisation. In order to facilitate a good and proper decision-making process, the firm will look after the authentication and effectiveness of data management process which will help in good rise in capability to decide the business activities. 2. Technology Components A vivid range of technological components and operations will be taken in consideration by an enterprise that will help inimprovement in decision-making. The utilization of various technological systems will help in proper management of business activities that will be taken in considerationbyorganisation.Somemajortechnologicalsystemsthatareconsideredby enterprise for better decision making are: Decision support system:It is the combination of software, system and set up which helps in the better collection of the data and aid in effective decision making that will aid in effective management of the business activities and meeting of the targeted goals and operations by the organisation (Stadtler, 2015). It helps firm like Marks & Spencer to tackle and rectify issues which are not well structured and are required to be maintained the operations of the organisation in a very effective way. It also involves the Group Decision Support System (GDSS), which will help in proper management of actions and effectiveness of different operations in various groups in better way. Geographical Information System (GIS):it is specifically designed towork with spatial information related to a specific geographic location. This is a location based 2
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service and may vary from one place to another in a very effective way. It will help the retail enterprise to handle wide range of business operations that will facilitate good decision-making (Ingram and et.al., (2015)). Artificial Intelligence (AI):with advancement in technology and for meeting of the targeted goals and operations, the cited retail enterprise will look after the effective using of the artificial intelligence tools and services that will help in better enhancement in the operational capability of the business entity. The artificial intelligence will support firm to gain a better increase in the capability of the enterprise that will aid in suitable rise in functionality of the organisation. They will support in a better decision making process by facilitating a deep data and information analysis. Expert System and Genetic System:The genetic and expert system is high level of AI system that helps in good improvement in the compatibility and analysis of data within firm to help in effective decision making and reaching conclusion. On the other hand, the genetic system will help in analysis of the most fitting and suitable solution to a business problem that supports effective decision-making (Bhattacharya and et.al., 2014). 3. Formulate a plan for implementing technology solution An appropriate plan will be taken into consideration forbetter analysis and effective management if decision-making processes will help in effective rise for compatibility of an organisation. The effective following and implementation of technical plan will support a good growth in effectiveness of the organisation. The better implementation of the business activities will help in proper rise in the customer satisfaction level that will help in effective decision making and gain a better productivity. The formulated plan for the implementation of the latest technologies by the enterprise is as follows: Step 1: defining the requirements and adopting the plan accordingly:this will help in the improvement of the operational capability of the organisation and meeting of the targeted goals and objectives. This will involve the better analysis of the resources and actions by the experts and analysts in the retail enterprise and suggesting the appropriate solution to the different business operations that are been developed by the organisation (Laudon & Laudon, 2015). Step 2: seeking the appropriate system to meet the feasibility:management of Marks & Spencer will look after the adoption of the system and gain a good share of the operation that facilitates the different obligation within the firm. This will involve the better planning of 3
costing, operations and execution of wide range of operations that will help in good rise in functional capability of the organisation. This will short list the appropriate options for the firm and help the organisation to choose the best among it, meeting its criteria. This will save time and effort for the organisation (Feng and et.al., 2014, April). Step 3: Creation of a To do list:A creation of things to do status will help the organisation to tackle the wide range of operations and activities helping in the increment in the operational capacity of the firm. This will facilitate a good setting up of milestones and plan accordingly in order to gain a good control over the actions that are been taken in consideration by the organisation. Besides this, it will help in proper summarisation of the activities in order to support a good and effective decision making process at Marks & Spencer. Step 4: setting up of a prototype and taking a trial:a prototype will be developed by the organisation that will help in proper management of the actions and operations that will help in finding of the feasibility and effectiveness of the firm in using the appropriate decision making process. Step 5: Implementation, monitoring and adaption of changes:once the trial of the prototype is successfully executed, the system is effectively installed and is been monitored in order to test the effectiveness of the technological system within the firm. The change curve is been monitored and essential changes are been made and adapted if necessary in a very effective way. 4.) What specific barriers to success do you see in your organisation? Various barriers to the successful are needed to be analysed and mitigated by the organisation. In order to ensure a better decision making within the firm and improve the effectiveness of the organisation, certain risk elements are needed to be eradicated by the organisation for the better management of the operations and meting of targeted operations by the firm. Some major barriers to the success of the organisation is as follows: Lack of Communication:Marks & Spencer has to see through the better handling of the communication process that will help in good management of the business operations (Ewing and et.al.,2015). The lack of communication process will lead to rise in conflict and confusion that can impact the operations of the organisation and thus requires a proper attention for the rectification and assessment of the decision making process within the cited retail enterprise. 4
Reluctance to changes:This is the major issue that impacts the growth of the operations and effective decision making within the organisation (Chawla, Hartline & Sivan, 2015). The company has to look after and keep an insight about the acceptance of the latest business measures and technologies that will help in increase in the satisfaction of stake holders of the organisation and improving the effectiveness of the business enterprise. Lack of proper leadership:the leadership plays a good and vital role in the execution of the operations by the firm that will help in suitable rise in the operational capability of the organisation and thus requires a good management of the business activities. Marks & Spencer has to see through the better execution of leadership that will support a good management of the business operations in a better way. Inability to maintain the latest technologies:the firm has to see through the effective management of certain operations that will help in good growth and management of the businessactivitiesthatarebeenfollowedbytheorganisation.Manytimesthe organisation fails to maintain the coordination with the ongoing market trends and thus, it causes the lacking behind of the firm. Absence of strategic planning:the lack of proper business strategy will cause the business enterprise to fail. The management of the firm has to see through the effective management of the operations and meeting of the targeted goals and operations. The strategic planning which will be followed within the firm will help the enterprise to increaseitseffectivenessandimprovethecollaborationmeasureswiththeother companies and departments. Topic 3 Crowdsourcing beyond the Firm Waze is the major example of the effective success of the crowdsourcing process that is been followed and help people to contribute in a very effective way. (http://tweakyourbiz.com/marketing/2015/07/10/9-great-examples-crowdsourcing-age- empowered-consumers/) 1. Analyse in detail how in the normative decision model crowdsourcing is being used. The concept of crowdsourcing will help in the better management of the operations that will help in effective handling of the actions that will help in suitable rise in the effectiveness and operations of the organisation that help in outgrowth in the compatibility of the organisation and thus help in effective improvement of the operations. In a normative decision making process, 5
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the organisation will look after the better management of the operations and meeting of the targeted goals and operations and meeting of the operations (Piezunka & Dahlander, 2015). Crowdsourcing will be used in normative decision making in the following manner: Decide:The crowdsourcing will be looked after by a leader and the leader will look after the better management of the operations in a better way and thus will support a good rise in the compatibility and meeting of the targeted goals and actions. The leader will look after the better deciding of group, that will carry out the decision making and helps in better gathering of information related to members of group and its requirements. Consultation:Theleaderoftheconcerningbodywilllookaftertheeffective management of the operations and better assessment of the problem's ore the issues that are been followed by the organisation. The leader will communicate with the group members, gathers the information and will look through its better utilization (Prpić and et.al.,2015). Group discussion:the leader will also look after the better group discussion that will help in accessing the risk factors that are associated with decision making and help the leader or management of crowdsourcing firm to make a better decision related to the operations of the organisation. He will choose the information that is been gathered and make an effective plan. Facilitation:In this the leader will look after the better handling of the operations that will help in effective presentation of the problem or the issue that is been faced by organisation. It is not the consulting approach, which involves the communication with the group, but helps in the decision-making with the involvement of the team and not the leader alone (Zhao & Zhu, 2014). Delegation:In this the leader will not participate in the planning of crowdsourcing but will look after the delivery and allocation of essential resources that will be required by the firm for the execution of the operations. Other than this, he will motivate his work force to perform the crowdsourcing activities in an effective and significant manner. 2. Specify the technology and the key features used. Various technical and other features are been used by the firm that will facilitate a good rise in the operations of the organisation that will help in effective management of the operations that will help in effective execution of the business operations and meeting of targeted goals and 6
operations. In the present era of technical advancement, crowdsourcing will be deeply influenced by it. Some major technology and features that is been used by the organisation are: Face to face Crowdsourcing:In this the leader or te team will look after the better promotional measures to gain a better crowdsourcing. This approach is quite time costing and less economic and requires the good participation of the sources to get the desired result (Zhou and et.al.,2015). Online Crowdsourcing:this will involve the use of a specific website to make an effectiveplatformfortheorganisationwherepeoplecancommunicatewiththe organisation and handle a good rise in the operations and organisations. It will depend on the traffic received on the site. Social media crowdsourcing:It involves the use of various social media platforms where the organization or crowdsourcing firm will look after the better management of the operations and activities and meet the functionality of the organisation in a better way. The use of social media platform like Facebook and twitter will help in improving the reach of crowdsource firm to a wider audience (Arganda-Carreras And et.al.,2015). Mobile crowdsourcing:with the advancement of the technology and effective increase in the mobile deceives, the crowdsourcing approach will also use it effectively that will help in good outgrowth in the customer satisfaction level and meet the operations of the organisation in a better way. The hand held deceives can be used as the medium to contribute in the crowdsourcing and get the desired outcomes. Thiscrowdsourcingapproacheswillleadtotheriseinfinancialstabilityofthe organisation and thus will lead to the good growth and meeting of the targeted goals and operations which will cause the organisation to meet the requirements of their clients and stake holders. Other than this, it will help the firm to connect and interact with their users and come up withhighqualityproductandservicesandthuswillleadtotheeffectivegrowthand development of the operations and thus will help in good rise in effectiveness and meeting of the targeted aimas and objectives that are been set by a business enterprise in sustainable manner. 3 Describe which conventional decision-making problems of distortions are being overcome through crowdsourcing in the article. It the article cited above, Waze app has effectively used the crowdsourcing approach that will help in the increase in the compatibility ans effective functional procedure of the mobile 7
app. Waze is based on a crowdsourcing project where any of the user can contribute by uploading the details about the barriers or restriction in the way caused by any factor like accident, event etc. and divert the drivers to another route. This help in the proper management of the travelling routes and saves the time of the respective user as well as the other travellers on that route. The effective management of these crowdsourcing operations also help in better growth and development of the operations, leading to the improvement in effectiveness of the operations and come up with innovative ideas and services (Zhou and et.al.,2015). Agoodinvolvementofpublicisthemajoradvantageandkeyfeatureofthese crowdsourced app. It helps the wider community of user with the crowdsourced information and saves their time and resources. Other than this, the generation of real time information and its update will help the users of app to get a better idea about choosing the path and gain a good control over the operations that are been followed by the enterprise. The users of this app are the dedicated contributors in its data base that help in better improvement of the operations of the organisation and help in better facilitation of information gathering and using it for the benefit of larger number of audience. Thus, in this case, the Waze app has helped to control the restriction or disturbance that is been caused while travelling on a route, caused by an accident or any other factor. This improves the performance of the organisation, effectively using crowdsourcing. The crowdsourcing will help the enterprise to grow and develop its overall functionality and meeting of the solutions that are been associated to the enterprise. The proper elimination of the risk factors and the problem factor will help in the effective management of the business activities and get the proper funding to carry out their actions that will also look after the operations of the organisations and meeting of the targeted goals and objectives that are been set by the organisation. Other than this, the involvement of the public and their contribution will support a good management of the actions by the enterprise and thus will help in better growth of the company or enterprise 4. In general, discuss and evaluate the objections and resistance to using crowdsourcing for making decisions. The crowdsourcing approach is an advantage providing process that help in effective and good growth of the operations that are been taken in consideration by an organisation. It helps the firm to gather the good amount of resources and meet the functional requirement of the operations in a better way. However, sometimes the approach of crowdsourcing can lead to the 8
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adverse impact on business activities and thus, is required to be analysed and implemented with great care and caution (Feng and et.al., 2014, April). The implementation of the crowdsourcing approach with the usage of the high quality services will help in the improving the operations and thus facilitate a good generation of the market activities and meeting of targeted goals and operations in a better way. Some major adverse implication of Crowdsourcing is as follows: Equality issue:during the discussion and setting up of the planning of a crowdsourcing process or project, thus in this case, the leader will be the main authority to take all the decisions and actions and thus, the success of the project is deeply dependent on the actions and decision of the leader and the team is not involved in this situation. In case, the judgement of the leader or the head of team went wrong, it can impact the overall functionality and performance of the team which can't be reversed or altered later on. Communication:thesuccessofcrowdsourcingislargelydependentonthe communication process that is been carried out by the firm, thus, the organisation or the team working for the crowdsourcing will help in the better management of the operations and will look after the carrying out of interpersonal communication in an effective and better way. The lack of proper interaction may lad up the team in critical situations and thus, is required to be managed in an effective and better way (Piezunka & Dahlander, 2015). On the other hand, a good communication will remove the doubts and concerns and help in developing a better mutual understanding within the team. Planning:the leader has to see through the proper planning of the business operations failing to which, the enterprise can fail. Lack of discipline:it is the major issues that is to be looked after by the leaders or managers and thus requires a good management of the business operations. The absence of ethicalness and discipline will cause the structure of company to break down. Doubts:the managers has to see through rectification of the doubts that can impact the overall performance of the business entity. CONCLUSION On the basis of report, this can be said that the proper collaboration and decision making is very vital for an organisation.For an effective decision making process, the effective risk assessment and rectification of issues are been carried out. On the other hand the proper management of the crowdsourcing is also vital for an enterprise to grow and develop. This will 9
help in increase in customer satisfaction level and meeting of the targeted goals in a better way. The risk associated with the crowdsourcing and its consequences are been analysed for better management of functions. 10
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