Sample Assignment on Business Behaviour

Organisational
Behaviour
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INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1 Influence of organisation’s power, culture and politics influence individual and team
performance and behaviour.........................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P2 Content theories and Process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in Waitrose.................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3 Effective team as opposed to and ineffective team................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P4 Concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within situation.............................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
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INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is a continuous process of various set of activities in which
understanding and influencing of human behaviour is covered as to achieve organisational goals
in best effective way (Ashenden and Sasse, 2013). It is associated with understanding and
managing behaviour of an individual within organisation in order to increase organisation
effectiveness. Present case study has been conducted on, Waitrose & Partners which is a British
supermarket chain of food retailing division. Company was founded in the year 1904 by Wallace
Waite, Arthur Rose and David Taylor and headquartered in Bracknell, Berkshire, UK. Waitrose
offer their services in Supermarket online shopping sector and have more than 52,590 employees
in their organisational structure. With holding 5.1% market Share Company bagged sixth-largest
groceries retailer unit in the United Kingdom. Waitrose also engage in exporting their products
and services to 52 countries. In this report discussions has been made on, influence of
organisational culture, power and politics on individual and on team performance and behaviour
along with this, process and content theories of motivation is covered in this report. In addition to
this concept of effective and ineffective team is described in this report along with philosophies
and concept of organisational behaviour is covered in this report.
P1 Influence of organisation’s power, culture and politics influence individual and team
performance and behaviour
Organisational behaviour provides in general study of human behaviour performing their
roles within an organisation workplace. This concept benefits companies to effectively
understand complex study of human behaviour as to evaluate actual causes along with
consequence of behaviour. Formative concept of organisational behaviour not only aid an
organisation to understand behaviour of their employees and motivate them in best effective way
but also benefits workers to increase their overall level of performance. This will aid
organisation to build a positive healthy relationship with their employees and stimulate
organisation growth. In addition with this, concept of organisational behaviour also provide an
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organisation an opportunity in which they can efficiently utilize their profitability and
productivity (Carlos Pinho and Dibb, 2014). In context with Waitrose top level management of
company is taking advantage of Handy culture in order to overcome challenges of power, culture
and politics and their impact on functioning on organisation. There are some certain factors that
impact on organisational activities:
Organisational Culture: There are various kinds of assumptions covered within organisational
culture such as beliefs and values which will benefit an organisation to effectively analyse
behaviour of their workers in best effective way. A company include, different types of essential
elements such as, organisation values, vision, and systems all these depicts organisational culture
manner in which they made interaction with their peer group of stakeholders, clients and other
related group of individual. A culture includes formative set of organisation values, system and
norms.
Top level management of Waitrose have implemented Handy typology within their
organisational culture. As company operates their functions in supermarket industry they offer
wide range of food products via supermarkets online shopping mode. Along with this company
has especial royal warrant to provide wine, groceries and spirits to British Queen Elizabeth II.
This shows the effective and best quality range of services provided by them. Waitrose is having
more than 353 convenience shops within all over United Kingdom. Mentioned below concept of
Handy Typology is defined in a descriptive way which is segregated in four different
components:
Power Culture: Power culture prevailing within organisation depicts formative set of authorities
that are mainly hold by few individuals (Xerri and Brunetto, 2013). For instance, Waitrose
superior authorized to have formal rights which allow them to analyse and judge actual
performance done by employees. This will aid Waitrose to improve effectiveness of their
company along with rise in performance level of their employees. This will benefit them to
acquire large number of market share and effectively maximise their overall range of
productivity and profitability.
Task Culture: This culture of Handy Typology is in the form of horizontal in nature and covers
flexible set of activities in it. Managers of Waitrose are taking advantage of this culture in a
situation when there is requirement to complete a task within proper set of time frame. It will
benefit Waitrose to influence and encourage their workers to work with more effectiveness and
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accomplish defined objectives of organisation in a collaborative way. It will lead company
towards more growth and gain more profitability and increase their productivity in a stipulated
way.
Role Culture: It is a form of hierarchical bureaucracy in which certain set of authority and
responsibility is given to an individual which has more defined and formal way of structure. An
example can be taken to understand this like power which possessed by CEO and board of
members is not present with other members (Hashim and Wok, 2014). In this culture power is
identified by position of individual within organisation
Person Culture: Person culture of Handy typology include a formative concept in which every
individual within organisation is authorized with some certain power as they hold same
background of expertise of skills and knowledge. With help of this power culture each and every
individual within Waitrose can effective able to take decision and avoid delay of any task and
project. It will benefit company to complete their project and task within proper given time and
increase their overall level of effectiveness as to increase organisation overall profitability and
productivity (Wood, 2012).
Top level management of Waitrose by taking advantage of Charles handy typology can improve
their process of decision making and enhance effectiveness of organisation. This typology will
benefit company managers to give formative set of roles and responsibility to each and every
individual as per according to their roles and responsibilities. This typology not only benefits
Waitrose to improve their quality of operations but also aid employees to perform their roles
with more effectiveness. All these elements effectively lead Waitrose towards more growth
prospects (Robbins, 2013).
Impact of Culture:
There are various types of elements included in cultural aspect within an organisation
culture and have its impact on different functions of company in both direct and indirect way.
Some of the basic components included in culture are rewards, behaviour and values that impact
on organisational functioning. Therefore, it is required for Waitrose to frame effective set of
strategies and policies with the help of which they can provide comparatively safe and secure
working environment to their employees and increase their performance effectiveness in order to
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effectively accomplish organisational goals and objectives in more defined way. There are some
positive and negative aspects that impact upon organisation culture.
Positive Impact:
With the adoption of positive and healthy culture Waitrose can effectively able to
strengthen performance of their workforce and stimulate their overall growth effectiveness.
Waitrose by treating all of their workers in an equal manner can able to bring positivity in their
workplace and can implement strong functioning culture in their organisation. This will not only
aid company to maximise its profitability but also benefits employees to improve quality of their
work which automatically lead towards prosperity of company.
Negative Impact:
Weak culture bring negativity in organisational working place which results in decrease
in performance level of employees that adversely impact upon Waitrose overall growth aspects.
Therefore, it is essential for Waitrose management to ensure that there is no bad culture
prevailing in their work place as it brings issues related to disputes and conflicts among
employees which acts as a one of the major reason for low level performance of company. For
this Waitrose is required to frame effective strategies and implement strong positive culture in
order to strengthen overall organisation internal and external structure.
Impact of Politics:
Politics weakens organisational structure by bringing unhealthy way of work turbulence.
Situation of politics rises in a work place when employees somehow engage themselves in
different types of manipulative activities as to increase their set of formal power (Weng, 2015).
This is considered as a one of the unhealthy way to garb more power prospects and increase
productivity base. For instance, there are different types of members performing in a team
towards a common goal, in this there is a chance in which individual within team take
recognition of some other team member. This brings issues of conflicts and creates bad working
environment that results in hampering performance of other employees. Therefore, it is must
required for Waitrose to frame best effective strategies in order to combat bad polities prevailing
within their organisational culture as bad politics hamper productivity of organisation. There is
some positive and negative impact mentioned below in defined way:
Positive impact:
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Power benefits an individual to gain advantages and rewards. In addition to this with the
help of power a person can complete their task in a mean time. For instance, if an individual is
not accomplishing work within given set of time then by taking advantage of some one other
idea completion of task can be done and credit for the same can be acquired.
Negative Impact:
Negative power brings unhealthy working environment that lead towards adverse impact
on employee’s performance. This will effect overall functioning of organisation and lower down
its workers performance margin. Thus, it is required for Waitrose management to evaluate their
organisational culture and frame strategies according to it in order to accomplish organisational
goals in effective manner.
Power in organisation: Power is a set of authoritative responsibilities specified to an individual
that allows them to influence and encourage other individuals in order to perform their roles and
responsibilities in more organized and effective way. Mentioned below there are different types
of power:
Reward power: In order to increase effectiveness of employee’s performance managers
of Waitrose adopted formative set of reward techniques in which they offer different ways to
give rewards and benefits to their employees (Robbins, 2013). Various types of rewards used by
company managers are increment in salary base, bonus, promotion etc. This is done to
effectively encourage workers within workplace and increase their overall productive outcomes.
This will benefit Waitrose to accomplish their goals and objectives in more defined manner.
Coercive power: In this power factor, managers of Waitrose hold an authority to punish
their subordinates. There are different types of punishment that is used by company managers
such as, suspension, demotion and dismissal in order to penalise company workers.
Positive Impact:
Different types of rewards provide by organisation encourage employees to perform their
work with more effectiveness that stimulates overall organisation productivity and profitability.
Negative Impact:
Presence of negative power within an organisation brings bad working environment for
employees which decrease sense of loyalty among them. This will lead towards reduction in their
performance level that will automatically affect organisation productivity and profitability.
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TASK 2
P2 Content theories and Process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in Waitrose
In order to perform organisational operation in more effective way Waitrose management
by taking advantage of different types of theories can effectively able to fulfil their employees
need and can achieve success:
Content theory: This theory covers basic requirements of workers. This theory will benefit
managers to analyse actual need of their employees and offer them various benefits as per
according to their need (Xerri and Brunetto, 2013). It will benefit them to increase their
productivity. Herzberg’s two factors, Alderfer’s ERG, Maslow need hierarchy is some of the
content theory. Formative concept of Herzberg’s is described below:
Herzber’s Two –Factor Motivation:
This theory was coined by Frederick Herzberg. It is also refers as a motivation –hygiene
theory. Herzber’s theory covered different measure of which job satisfaction. There are some
examples of this factor which include compensation, job security and physical work
environment. Mentioned below there are some formative factors of this theory:
Hygiene Factor:
It is also known as maintenance factor and dis satisfiers in which there are different types
of factors are included with the help of which an organisation can raise motivation among their
employees (Xerri and Brunetto, 2013).. It is important for Waitrose to fulfil necessary
requirements such as, pay scale, job security, fringe benefits etc of their employees in order to
remove any kind of dissatisfaction feeling in them. This will aid Waitrose to maximise their
productivity and efficiency.
Motivational Factor:
In motivational factor of Herzber’s theory factors are termed as a satisfiers. With the help
of this theory organisation can effectively able to increase level of motivation among there
employees in order to maximise their working efficiencies. There are some certain examples of
motivational factor that includes, responsibility, autonomy, recognition and growth. Waitrose
managements holds a basic set of responsibilities according to which it is necessary for the
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company to properly take care of its workers psychological needs and evaluate certain basic
measures with the help of them they can offer additional benefits to them (Weng, 2015).
Managers by taking advantage of different types of promotional opportunities can effectively
able to increase overall productivity of both employees and company.
Illustration 1: Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, 2017
Source: Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, 2017
Process Theory: In this theory, different set of measure is analysed which can help organisation
to influence and encourage its employees towards better growth. Process theory include different
type of other theories such as, Skinner’s reinforcement, Victor Vroom’s, equity theory, Adam’s
and many more. Waitrose have adopted Lockey’s Theory of motivation within their working
culture. This theory emphasise on why requirements of individual changes and develop with
passage of time. They provides detail about functioning of processes and how organisation can
sustain within market for longer run of time.
Lockey’s Theory of Motivation:
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Lockey’s theory concept was coined by Edwin Locke. This theory is also termed as a goal
setting theory. Lockey’s theory aid Waitrose to analyse overall factors and elements of
motivation including, basic challenges for future performance, setting goals and objectives in
order accomplish pre defined goals of organisation in best effective way (Robbins, 2013).
Waitrose managers hold most important responsibility to frame effective strategies and
communicate required information’s with employees in order to increase quality and efficiency
of their actual output. Along with this, it is necessary for Waitrose managers to fulfil their
employee’s demands and needs as to effectively motivate them towards accomplishment of
company goals. Waitrose is using Lockey’s theory of motivation as to develop strategies and
evaluate different types of measures in order to encourage its employee’s contribution towards
organisational effectiveness.
TASK 3
P3 Effective team as opposed to and ineffective team
Team includes a group of individuals come together to accomplish a common set of goals
and targets. It is essential for a team to have common purpose, goal and objectives through which
they can generate more productivity for an organisation. Management of Waitrose create
different types of team as per company requirements. Mentioned below there are some formative
concept of effective tem and ineffective team:
Effective Team: In this type of team culture, separate roles and responsibilities to each and every
individual is allotted and defined in an effective way which benefits team member to accomplish
common organisational goals in best suitable way. Along with this targets are accomplished by
sharing capabilities, knowledge and ideas in an informal manner as to gain more successful
results.
Ineffective Team: In this team culture, roles and responsibilities are not clearly defined to every
individual that results in creating confusion among them. This lead towards rise in situations
related to conflicts that effects productivity for both employees and organisation.
Types of Team in Organisation:
Functional Team:
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Functional team reflects nature of a permanent team in which team members are of same
department but hold various different set of roles and responsibilities. In this manager is
authorised to allot a task and it is the responsibility of employees to provide them related report.
Along with this manager is responsible to make sure that task transfers from one team to other,
without facing any obstacle. Finance department, marketing department and human resource
department are some of the example of functional team.
Task Force Team:
Task force team is also termed as project team and working group team as it is created for
a limited sum of time (Hashim and Wok, 2014). In order to accomplish a small task managers
form this type of team. These teams are responsible for accumulating various ideas and skills
which assist organisation to advocate their projects. This will also assist them to execute and
formulate solutions. These teams are formulated for carrying out particular project and mission
for solving problems which needs multi-disciplinary approach.
Project Team:
In this type of team culture team members perform their roles in a collective manner
while sharing ideas and strategies. Manager frame this team and sub-divide them in order to
accomplish a project after that project team gets dissolved.
In context with present case study, Waitrose manager frame team in order to accomplish
certain set of targets. For instance in order to complete a task, task form team is created by
managers, similarly in order to accomplish a project formation of project team is done by
managers.
EFFECTIVE TEAM INEFFECTIVE TEAM
 Effective team culture is a place in
which roles and responsibilities are
defined to each and every individual in
a clear and defined way. This will
benefit them to achieve team goals and
targets in best possible way (De
Vasconcel and Kimble, 2016).
 In this form of team culture, two way
process communication is adopted as to
 In working structure of ineffective
team, all the roles and responsibilities
that are authorized to individual is
allotted with a purpose to gain benefits
from each others.
 There is only one way form of
communication prevailing in ineffective
team culture.
 Ineffective team culture includes
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accomplish organisational goals in
effective way.
 In effective team structure both reward
and power shared among team
members as per according to their
contributions in work this helps in
reducing issues of conflicts and
stimulates better growth.
rewards and power shared by only a
single person.
 In this type of team culture, roles and
responsibilities given to individuals are
defined to them in an unclear manner.
Along with this in this team culture
delegated sot of leadership is
implemented (Ashenden and Sasse,
2013).
In order to achieve overall success it is the main responsibility of company management
to encourage each and every individual within their workplace to engage themselves in
organisation decision making process and activities. This will benefit company to increase
performance level of their employees while ensuring high end productivity of organisation.
Waitrose is a British which is a largest employee owned supermarket store. Company have
estimated number of 353 retail outlets across all over United Kingdom. Waitrose mainly focuses
on offering best quality of food products to their customers that will benefit them to gain more
profitability and goodwill in a marketplace. Along with this, it is required to Waitrose to
accomplish their objectives by encouraging employees to working in a team that will stimulate
its productivity and long term sustainability.
TASK 4
P4 Concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour within situation
In order to accomplish organisational goals and objectives in an effective manner Waitrose
is taking advantage of team culture within their workplace. In addition to this managers of
company effectively ensure there is proper effectiveness prevailing in their workplace as to
maximise performance of each of their employees (Coccia and Cadario, 2014). For this manager
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make sure that employees engaged in a task are provided with all essential information without
any discrimination. In relation with this, it is required for managers to effectively encourage and
influence their workers in order to accomplish their task with more effectiveness. Mentioned
below there are some basic necessary factors which is required to be consider:
Integrity:
This factor depicts organisation external reputation. In order to build strong market
reputation it is important for an organisation to offer best quality of products and services to their
customers. This will benefit them to increase brand image reputation in a market place.
Responsibility: In order to accomplish pre demined objectives and goals of an organisation it is
important for a manager to give roles and responsibilities to each and every individual according
to their expertise, knowledge and capabilities. This will not only benefit employees to perform
their task in more qualitative manner but also aid organisation to increase quality of their
production and gain more profitability.
Path goal leadership theory:
Path gaol theory mainly focuses on formative aspects of leadership style. In order to
accomplish organisational goals and objectives in more defined and effective manner, leaders
and managers are required to encourage and influence their employees with more effectiveness.
It will benefit company to increase their overall base of productivity and profitability as
motivated employees tend to perform task with more enthusiasm. Path goal theory of leadership
includes different types of elements with the help of which efficiencies of workers can be
increase. For example, leaders in Waitrose effectively encourage their employees towards
effective achievement of their goals. It will help the to increase productivity and profitability of
both leaders and company in best effective way. These factors consists characteristics of
employees, implementation of efficient leadership style and motivational factor (Coccia and
Cadario, 2014). This theory benefits Waitrose to increase their market share and strengthen its
growth prospects as to achieve more success.
Employee characteristics:
In this aspect of leadership style, employees get judged as per the basis of their
experience and skills. Therefore, it is required for Waitrose manager to allot roles and
responsibilities to workers within their working structure as per according their capabilities. For
Example, leaders in Waitrose give roles and responsibilities to each and every employees by
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judging their capabilities. It will help company to accomplish their targets with more efficiency.
This will benefit company to achieve their targets in more qualitative manner within stipulated
period of time.
Task and Environment Characteristics:
In order to accomplish organisation task in more defined and systematic manner within
stipulated period of time it is essential for an organisation to provide proper necessary required
support to their employees. This will aid them to gain more advancement and complete a task in
more formative manner. In relation to this, there are various set of task characteristics such as,
work group, designing of task and formal authority of task. For instance, leaders of Waitrose
effectively support their employees and provide them necessary required resource to accomplish
their goals in formative manner. Thus, it is important for Waitrose to offer essential amount of
support to its employees while they processing a task. It will not only benefit workers to perform
their work with great quality but also benefits Waitrose to increase their profitability and
productivity.
Leadership Style: In order to gain more development, opportunities and growth it is important
for an organisation to encourage and influence employees in best effective way as to accomplish
organisational objectives in more defined way and gain more productive outcomes. Leaders of
Waitrose by taking advantage of different types of leadership and behavioural styles in their
working structure can effectively able to increase efficiency in their quality of production. There
are four types of leadership and behaviour style described below:
Directive:
In this form of leadership style, it is essential for Waitrose leaders to ensure that effective
process of coordination in prevailing in their workplace. This form of leadership style acts as a
most important element in effective leadership style as it will benefit Waitrose to stimulate their
long term growth and sustainability while ensuring effectiveness in performance of employees.
Supportive:
This concept acts as one of the most important aspect of leadership style according to
which it is required for Waitrose leaders to provide full support to company employees as to
achieve organisational objectives in best possible way (Carlos Pinho and Dibb, 2014). In
addition to this, it is the basic responsibility of leaders to ensure that individuals within
organisation perform their task in a collaborative way within allotted period of time.
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Participative:
As to increase overall effectiveness in their actual work done it is necessary for Waitrose
managers to frame certain set of strategies with the help of which they can effectively able to
encourage each of their employees to engage in organisational activities and functions. This will
not benefit Waitrose to increase their work efficiency but also benefits workers to maximise their
standard of actual work done and gain more developmental opportunities.
Achievement:
In order to achieve predetermined targets with more effectiveness it is required for
Waitrose managers to frame formative set of strategies with the help of which they can
efficiently encourage their employees. It will not only aid Waitrose to accomplish their
organisational objectives in more defined way and acquire more market share but also benefits
employees to increase their level of performance.
All these leadership styles benefits Waitrose to achieve their organisational targets in best
effective way and gain more success in a marketplace. Along with this with the help of all the
above leadership skills company can maximise their area of food production and expand their
operations in other countries. It will not only benefit Waitrose to get more growth opportunities
but also benefits employees to increase their quality of performance.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report, it has been concluded that behaviour is a formative
study of human behaviour within an organisation. Along with this there are various factors that
impact on effective functioning of a company. Politics also impact upon productivity of an
organisation. For this, management is required to adopt different types of motivational
techniques in order to increase organisational effectiveness. Lastly with the help of effective
team organisation can efficiently able to strengthen its market position and can gain more
advancements.
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