Case Study and Education on Hypertension and Rheumatic Fever

CASE STUDY&EDUCATION 1
CASE STUDY AND
HEALTH EDUCATION
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Date:
Institutional affiliation:

CASE STUDY&EDUCATION 2
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is regarded to as a chronic illness that can be managed by
medications,healthy diet and weight loss.However there are two types of hypertension essential
and nonessential.Also,hypertension can be genetic.Rheumatic fever is a condition that is caused
by immune system reaction towards streptococcal antigens after a throat infection.This disease
affects the heart valves.This essay will evaluate two care plans for hypertension and rheumatic
fever
INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF HYPERTENSION
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015) the number of Australians
suffering hypertension are 14.6 % of the total population aged over 18 years. However, when
combined with those who use medication to control hypertension the number increases to 33.7%
of the total population. This includes 23% of adults who had very high hypertension and 10% of
those who had almost normal hypertension and were taking their medication.
The causes of hypertension include obesity, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, diet,
genetics, diabetes, stressful psychological situations and sedentary lifestyle( Sun, 2015). Diabetes
causes a trigger in the renal angiotensin aldosterone system due to the damage to the kidneys this
then causes an increase in fluids. Cigarettes cause a thickening in the vascular wall due to the
nicotine hence increased resistance and therefore increased blood pressure. Poor diet which
includes highly saturated fats and sugars can cause hypertension secondary to atherosclerosis.
Familial heredity whereby when a parent has hypertension the likelihood of the offspring
acquiring it is increased twice (Zennaro,Boulkroun & Fernandes-Rosa, 2015).. Alcohol is a
psychostimulant and its intake increases the heart rate and consequently increasing the workload
and the resistance required to pump the blood throughout the body.

CASE STUDY&EDUCATION 3
GRADING OF HYPERTENSION & MANAGEMENT AND MODIFIABLE AND
NONMODIFIABLE FEATURES
Prehypertension the systolic pressure is between 120-139 mm/Hg while diastolic pressure
is below 80(Simonneau, Montani,Celermajer,Denton,Gatzoulis,Krowka & Souza,2019).
Management includes solving risk factors such as alcohol cutoff and cessation of smoking. Stage
one hypertension is where the systolic pressure is between 140-159 mm/Hg while diastolic is
between 90-99 mm/Hg.Management at stage one includes thiazide medications such as
hydrochlorothiazide. Stage two hypertension the systolic pressure is between 160-169 mm/Hg
while diastolic is between 100-109 mm/hg.State three hypertension is above systolic is
180mm/Hg while diastolic pressure is above 110 mm/Hg.Management of stage three and four
include combination of two drugs, a thiazide and/or an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,
angiotensin receptor blocker and calcium channel blocker.
The nonmodifiable features are advanced age, ethnicity and positive family history. This
refers to features about hypertension that cannot be altered. Black Americans are likely to get
hypertension compared to Caucasians while offspring to a parent with hypertension are twice as
likely to acquire the hypertension. This refers to features on hypertension that can be changed to
decrease the blood pressure. The modifiable features include unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle,
diabetes, smoking and obesity.