Evaluate Biological Functions of Categories of Macronutrients

Introduction
Nutrients are substance that is needed for growth, meeting energy
requirements and fulfilling other body functions. Macronutrients are form of
those nutrients that are required in large amounts and that help an individual to
carryout daily activities (Solon-Biet et al., 2015). The main purpose of this report
is to review the role of macronutrients in health and the paper will mainly
evaluate biological functions of categories of macronutrients like protein,
carbohydrates and lipid. The report will also discuss about recommended dietary
intake and analyse the factors that lead to a state of excess and deficiency of
macronutrients. The signs and symptoms in an individual leading to a state of
excess will be discussed too.
Biological functions
Proteins
Proteins are those food items that should consist of 10-35% of diet and
consumption of protein is considered essential because human body cannot
produce it naturally. As it plays a crucial role in body building and repairing body
tissues, it is necessary to obtain proteins from diet. Protein is a food item that
plays a role in transmitting message from cell to cell and promoting immune
response (Berdanier & Berdanier, 2015). There are many different types of
proteins in out body that supports in growth and other daily functions. This
includes enzymes like pepsin that facilitates biochemical reactions in the body.
The antibodies are also protein that is produced by the immune system to fight
against infections. Certain proteins like collagens and elastin provide support to
the body.
Carbohydrates
This is the nutrient that is the most important energy source and it consists of
chain of small and simple sugars that metabolise and enter the body in the form
of glucose. It is the main source of energy for brain, heart and central nervous
system and it found in all major food items like vegetables, fruits, beans and
nuts. Glucose and galactose are some examples of carbohydrates and they exist
in many forms. It is crucial for a balanced diet and they are the main energy
providing source of foods. Two major forms of carbohydrates include
monosaccharide and polysaccharide. Monosaccharide are absorbed in the small
intestine and transported to the place of use. In addition, disaccharides are
broken down by digestive enzymes. The constituent sugars then obtained is
absorbed into the blood stream. Human most common use glucose as a source
of carbohydrate and it is a polysaccharide which is stored in the liver and
muscles. The flow of glucose is regulated by the work of hormones (Rao, 2019).
Fats
Fats includes triglycerides, cholesterol and other essential fatty acids that is
necessary for healthy body and the main trick is to ensure that bad fats are
avoided and good fats like omega 3 and omega 6 is consumed. The function of
fat is to store energy and protect vital organs of the body. They also initiate
many chemical reactions needed for growth, immunity, reproduction and
metabolism (Berdanier & Berdanier, 2015).

Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI)
Factors-contributing-to-states-of-excess
Factors-contributing-to-states-of-insufficiency-and-
deficiency
Sign and Symptoms