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Low Literacy Rate in Pakistan Assignment PDF
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Added on 2021-07-02
Low Literacy Rate in Pakistan Assignment PDF
Added on 2021-07-02
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Causes of Low Literacy Rate in Pakistan1 | Page
List of AbbreviationsPILDATPakistan Institute of Legislative Development and TransparencyEFA Education for AllPSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement GNP Gross national ProductGDP Gross Domestic ProductUNISCEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency FundUNESCO United Nations’ Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization EDI EFA Development IndexFFA Force field analysis SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats2 | Page
ContentsIntroduction..................................................................................................................................4Fish Bone Tool............................................................................................................................4Factors impacting literacy Rate in Pakistan.................................................................................5Economic Factors:...................................................................................................................8Political Factors:.......................................................................................................................9Institutional Factors:...............................................................................................................11Social Factors........................................................................................................................12Critical evaluation of fish bone analysis.....................................................................................15Conclusion.................................................................................................................................16Recommendations.....................................................................................................................17References................................................................................................................................20Appendix....................................................................................................................................233 | Page
IntroductionLiteracy is an important parameter of analyzing the social development of a country.The literacy rate of a country is also associated with the social problems such aspolitical unawareness, crime rate and terrorism. The literacy rate of Pakistan is very lowas compared to the standards. Global Literacy rankings were released in October 2012in which Pakistan was ranked 113 among 120 countries regarding literacy rate(Business Recorder, 2012). Pakistan is lagging behind in terms of literacy rate. Thecurrent literacy rate of Pakistan is 58% (Express Tribune, 2012). A lot of work is neededto be done for improving the literacy rate in Pakistan. The current aim of Pakistan is totake literacy rate to 60% till 2015 (Business Recorder, 2012). Current expenses ofgovernment on education are very low. Currently, Pakistan spends 2.3% of GNP oneducation in comparison to 4.5% expenses of GNP of India on education (BusinessRecorder, 2012). Therefore, Pakistan is far behind in its education expenditure targetand needs to do a lot of work for increasing literacy rate.Fish Bone ToolThe aim of the project is to evaluate the factors that influence the literacy rate inPakistan. In more specific terms, the project is aimed to explore the factors that playtheir role in the low literacy rate in Pakistan. This project will be aimed at discovering allfactors through Fish Bone Analysis tool. The Fish Bone Analysis tool is elaborated by(Gary et al., 2009).The Fish Bone Analysis Tool will be effective for discussing the causes of low literacyrate in Pakistan. Through this tool, all causes and their subcategories will be studiedand their effect on the literacy rate of Pakistan will be found. Through this tool, generalfactors of low literacy rate will be highlighted, in the first step. These categories mayinclude people, machines, measurement, materials, methods, environment, policies,etc. After this, important categories from Pakistan’s perspective will be marked. Allpossible causes will be evaluated through qualitative and quantitative research tools.These causes of low literacy rate in Pakistan will be analyzed through existing studies4 | Page
as well as through survey approach. Finally, the results will be deduced to highlight thecause of low literacy rate of Pakistan.Factors impacting literacy Rate in PakistanThe literacy rate of a country is determined by many factors. Pakistan has been at thebottom line of the literacy rate in comparison with the literacy rate of neighboringcountries. The human development index of South Asian countries for 2012 has shownthat the literacy rate of Pakistan is not satisfactory in comparison with all other SouthAsian Countries. Even in comparison with Bangladesh, data for Pakistan shows that ahigh percentage of children are not going to school. In the following table, all indicatorsregarding education have been elaborated here:Pakistan: Key education indicators compared to other South Asian countriesCountryNet primaryEnrollment % age 2008-2009tPrimary(%) (2008-09)Children reachingGrade 5 (%)Percentage of grade1 students (2006-10)92Children notIn primary school(million)2008-11India9268.52.27Pakistan7461.55.12Bangladesh8666.21.83Nepal-61.7-Sri Lanka9498.60.102Bhutan 8895.50.111Maldives 96-0.011Source: Human Development Index for South Asia 20125 | Page
There wide range of factors that contribute towards the low literacy rate of Pakistan.However, low literacy rate of Pakistan is contributed to two major factors (Hashmi andZafer, 2009):Economic factorsSocial FactorsEconomic factors are the major cause of low literacy rate of Pakistan. Economic factorsnot only affect the ability of government to provide effective educational policies but alsoimpact the individual’s power to get proper education. Limited financial resources lowerthe ability of government to develop educational institutes across the country. At thesame time, less household income of people in Pakistan lowers the ability of parents todeliver education to their children.In Pakistan, the majority of the population lives in villages and rural areas where peopledo not have much exposure to the emerging trends and the importance of education. Inrural areas, people do not focus on getting educated. Moreover, half of the population ofPakistan is composed of women who do not provide education in rural areas because ofsocial and cultural limitations. Such a big percentage of the population does not giveattention for education which makes it another big reason of low literacy rate of acountry.The above mentioned factors are a major cause of low literacy rate of Pakistan. Thereare many sub factors behind this issue such as government policies, corruption andineffective implementation of policies.Low literacy rates in Pakistan can be contributed to many factors. The major factors thatimpact the low literacy rate of Pakistan are as follows:Economic Factors Political FactorsInstitutional FactorsSocial Factors6 | Page
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