Central Heating System for Bungalow - Heat Transfer, U-Values and Heat Loss

This report discusses the design and implementation of a central heating system for a bungalow, including heat transfer, U-values, and heat loss calculations. It covers the design considerations and ventilation loss calculations for all the rooms on the first floor. The report also discusses the use of air-source heat pumps and their benefits.

Central heating system of Bungalow
Prepared by,
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Course:
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Introduction
The course of action of focal warming structure for the house on the prelude of liquid stream
perspectives, for example, as material and direct confirmation and moreover warm exchanger
graph begin .The house will be warmed utilizing a 42 kW hotter with a 20 ̊ C temperature
refinement between the water river and outlet. This will utilized for masterminding warming
structure on the start of Heat exchange edges (Cockroft, Cowie, Samuel, 2017).
Central heating system
The most comprehensively saw kind of Heat pump is the air-source warm pump, which
exchanges warm between your home and the outside air. The present Heat pump can reduce
your vitality use for warming by around half showed up distinctively in connection to electric
affirmation warming, for example, radiators and baseboard radiators. High-reasonability
warm pumps additionally dehumidify superior to anything standard focal ventilation systems,
accomplishing less vitality utilize and the entire all the all the more cooling solace in summer
months. Air-source warm pumps have been utilized for a long time in all parts of the United
States, yet so far they have not been utilized as a bit of zones that master expanded conditions
of subfreezing temperatures.
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Heat transfer
Heat exchanger is a constant flow adiabatic open framework in which two liquid s trade or
exchange warm between them without losing or growing any glow from condition or
incorporating. As indicated by constant stream vitality condition net change in enthalpy of
Heat exchanger is zero. From thermodynamics we comprehend that glow move in any
dependable weight process is equivalent to change in enthalpy of the liquid. In addition we
expect that the largeness of the hot and cold liquids stays unflinching as they go through the
glow exchanger. Solidifying in excess of two fixations it can be considered that the rate of
Heat exchange among hot and chilly liquid in any glow exchanger is equivalent to the rate of
enthalpy change of both of the liquids (Dellwig & Lipinski, 2017). The prosperity measure is
that don't utilize the relationship of condition for enrolling enthalpy change of any liquid in
the event that it is experiencing stage change like in steam improvement.
C h ange ∈energy=Heat +Work +ent h al h y c h ange wit h time
∆ E=Q+W +∑❑
open
∫
t
❑
Htotal dme
∆ E= ˙m1 ∆ H1+ ˙m2 ∆ H2
U-Values and Heat Loss
Section 1
Using CIBSE Guide A the thermal values of a typical construction was used in order to
determine the U-Values of 0.16 for the roof and 0.3 for the walls. Please see the below
calculations;
Wall Calculation
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Brick
105mm
Blown
Fibre
Insulation
100mm
Lightweight
Aggregate
Concrete
Block
100mm
Dense
Plaster
13mm

The top values reflect the dimensions of the materials used and the bottom values are the
thermal conductivity values from table 3.47 of CIBSE Guide A. The surface and airspace
values used in the calculation where from table 3.48 of CIBSE Guide A.
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Outside
Ro
Outside
Ri

Roof Calculation
The top values in the below calculation again reflect the dimensions of the materials used and
the bottom values are the thermal conductivity values from table 3.47,3.37 & 3.35 of CIBSE
Guide A. The surface and airspace values used in the calculation where from table 3.48 of
CIBSE Guide A
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Outside
Ro
Inside
Ri
Clay Tiles
25mm
Ventilated
Airspace
Ventilated
Airspace
Roofing
Felt
25mm
PU
Insulation
120mm
Plasterboard
12.5mm

Section 2
The purpose of this assignment is to design the heating system by choosing either emitters,
boilers, pumps etc. for the building layout provided. The choice of system selected will be
identified within this report and all calculations and considerations will be taken into account
when doing so.
Within this report the heat loss calculations will need to be collated for all the rooms on the
first floor, this will then determine what type of emitters are required followed by the amount
of heat required for each room.
Design Considerations
U-Values;
Roof - 0.3 W/m2 oC
Floor – 0.13 W/m2 oC
Internal Partition Wall – 0.13 W/m2 oC
Exposed Wall – 0.16 W/m2 oC
Glazing – 2.1 W/m2 oC
Louvre – 2.5 W/m2 oC
Room Height 2.7m
Room Height in Corridor & Circulation Areas 2.4m
6 Air Changes per hour in Toilets
Heat Loss
Please see the heat loss calculations that have been completed by hand, this may take some
considerable time to complete depending on the size of project. You can also do the heat loss
calculations on various software packages.
There are two parts to the calculation of heat loss from any space. The fabric loss and the
ventilation loss. The fabric loss consists of all the various areas of the structure that apply to
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the space (floor, roof, walls, windows, doors etc.) The ventilation loss is the rate of air change
per hour.
The Fabric loss is calculated;
Q = U A ∆t
Where;
Q = loss/gain of heat (Watts)
U = U-Value (W/m2 K)
A = Area of the fabric considered (m2)
∆t = Difference in temperature either side of the fabric (oC)
Fabric Loss – Hall F-08
So for example the External partition calculation will be;
Q = 0.16 U-Value x (2.7 room height x 6.99 wall length) x 26 difference in temperature =
78.50
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 18.87 26 78.50
Internal Wall 2 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 18.86 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 14.49 26 791.15
Roof 0.3 52.46 26 409.19
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Floor 0.13 52.46 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1278.84
Ventilation loss - This is the rate of heat loss by the changing of air in the space a number of
times per hour (Casado, Serafini, 2017).
The Ventilation loss is calculated;
Q = 0.33 N V ∆t
Where;
Q = loss/gain of heat (Watts)
N = Number of air changes per hour
V = Volume of the room (m3)
∆t = Difference in temperature either side of the fabric (oC)
Ventilation Loss
So for example the internal partition calculation will be;
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Hall F-08 0.33 2 141.63 26 2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 3709.30
The same will be done for the rest of the rooms on the first floor;
Fabric Loss – Hall F-09
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 18.87 26 78.50
Internal Wall 2 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 18.86 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 14.49 26 791.15
Roof 0.3 52.46 26 409.19
Floor 0.13 52.46 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1278.84
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Ventilation Loss
0.33
Air
Chang
e rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC) Losses (W)
Hall F-09 0.33 2 141.63 26 2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 3709.30
Fabric Loss – Hall F-10
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 18.87 26 78.50
Internal Wall 2 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 18.86 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 14.49 26 791.15
Roof 0.3 52.46 26 409.19
Floor 0.13 52.46 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1278.84
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Hall F-10 0.33 2 141.63 26 2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 3709.30
Fabric Loss – Hall F-11
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 18.87 26 78.50
Internal Wall 2 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 18.86 0 0.00
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Internal Wall 4 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 14.49 26 791.15
Roof 0.3 52.46 26 409.19
Floor 0.13 52.46 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1278.84
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Hall F-11 0.33 2 141.63 26 2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 3709.30
Fabric Loss – Hall F-12
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 18.87 26 78.50
Internal Wall 2 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 18.86 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 14.49 26 791.15
Roof 0.3 52.46 26 409.19
Floor 0.13 52.46 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1278.84
Ventilation Loss
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0.33
Air
Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference
(oC)
Losses
(W)
Hall F-12 0.33 2 141.63 26 2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 3709.30
Fabric Loss – Hall F-13
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 18.87 26 78.50
Internal Wall 2 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 18.86 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 20.28 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 14.49 26 791.15
Roof 0.3 52.46 26 409.19
Floor 0.13 52.46 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1278.84
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Hall F-13 0.33 2 141.63 26 2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 3709.30
Fabric Loss – Hall F-14
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC) Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1 0.16 18.96 26 78.87
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External Wall 2 0.16 20.79 26 86.49
External Wall 3 0.16 5.35 26 22.26
External Wall 4 0.16 5.74 26 23.88
Internal Wall 5 0.13 11.19 0 0.00
Internal Wall 6 0.13 5.06 0 0.00
Internal Wall 7 0.13 18.36 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 11.19 26 610.97
Roof 0.3 68.88 26 537.26
Floor 0.13 68.88 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1359.73
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference
(oC)
Losses
(W)
IT Hall F-14 0.33 1 175.83 26 1508.60
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 2868.33
Fabric Loss – IT Office F-16
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 13.88 0 0.00
Internal Wall 2 0.13 7.72 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 13.88 0 0.00
External Wall 4 0.16 7.72 26 32.12
Window(s) 2.1 1.25 26 68.25
Roof 0.3 14.70 26 114.66
Floor 0.13 14.70 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 215.03
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Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
IT Office F-16 0.33 1 39.69 26 340.55
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 555.57
Fabric Loss – Curriculum Resources F-17
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 19.06 0 0.00
Internal Wall 2 0.13 10.10 0 0.00
External Wall 3 0.16 0.86 26 3.58
External Wall 4 0.16 19.06 26 79.29
External Wall 5 0.16 10.96 26 45.59
Window(s) 2.1 2.94 26 160.52
Roof 0.3 28.66 26 223.55
Floor 0.13 28.66 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 512.53
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volum
e (m3)
Temperature
Difference
(oC)
Losses
(W)
Curriculum Resources F-17 0.33 0.7 77.39 26 464.81
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 977.35
Fabric Loss – Corridor F-18
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 50.55 0 0.00
Internal Wall 2 0.13 3.98 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 16.77 0 0.00
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Internal Wall 4 0.13 0.67 0 0.00
External Wall 5 0.16 33.79 26 140.57
External Wall 6 0.16 4.47 26 18.60
Window(s) 2.1 9.06 26 494.68
Roof 0.3 38.91 26 303.50
Floor 0.13 38.91 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 957.34
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Corridor F-18 0.33 1 92.87 26 796.78
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 1754.12
Fabric Loss – Corridor F-19
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 51.6 0 0.00
Internal Wall 2 0.13 4.37 0 0.00
External Wall 3 0.16 33.79 26 140.57
Internal Wall 4 0.13 0.67 0 0.00
Internal Wall 5 0.13 17.81 0 0.00
Internal Wall 6 0.13 3.98 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 9.06 26 494.68
Roof 0.3 37.95 26 296.01
Floor 0.13 37.95 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 931.25
Ventilation Loss
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0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Corridor F-19 0.33 1 95.12 26 816.11
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 1747.36
Fabric Loss – Female WC F-07
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 7.48 0 0.00
External Wall 2 0.16 19.06 26 79.29
External Wall 3 0.16 19.06 26 79.29
External Wall 4 0.16 0.34 26 1.39
Internal Wall 5 0.13 8.78 0 0.00
Internal Wall 6 0.13 5.81 0 0.00
Internal Wall 7 0.13 4.68 0 0.00
Internal Wall 8 0.13 5.78 0 0.00
Internal Wall 9 0.13 5.27 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 1.88 26 102.65
Roof 0.3 37.75 26 294.45
Floor 0.13 37.75 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 557.07
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Female WC F-07 0.33 6 101.92 26 5246.76
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 5803.83
Fabric Loss – Staff WC F-06
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 5.54 0 0.00
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Internal Wall 2 0.13 4.41 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 5.54 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 4.41 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 0 0 0.00
Roof 0.3 3.35 26 26.13
Floor 0.13 3.35 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 26.13
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Staff WC F-06 0.33 6 9.05 26 465.88
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 492.01
Fabric Loss – Tea Point F-05
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 11.21 0 0.00
Internal Wall 2 0.13 5.00 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 11.21 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 5.00 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 0.00 0 0.00
Roof 0.3 7.65 26 59.67
Floor 0.13 7.65 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 59.67
Ventilation Loss
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0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Tea Point F-05 0.33 1 20.73 26 177.86
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 237.53
Fabric Loss – Lift Lobby F-03
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
Internal Wall 1 0.13 8.21 0 0.00
Internal Wall 2 0.13 6.77 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 8.78 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 6.77 0 0.00
Window(s) 2.1 0 0 0.00
Roof 0.3 9.96 26 59.67
Floor 0.13 9.96 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 77.69
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Lift Lobby F-03 0.33 1 24.79 26 212.72
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 290.41
Fabric Loss – Plant Room F-02
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 9.24 26 38.44
Internal Wall 2 0.13 18.35 0 0.00
Internal Wall 3 0.13 3.06 0 0.00
Internal Wall 4 0.13 6.72 0 0.00
Internal Wall 5 0.13 6.18 0 0.00
External Wall 6 0.16 11.63 26 48.38
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Louvre 2.55 3.94 26 261.22
Roof 0.3 17.56 26 136.97
Floor 0.13 17.56 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 485.01
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Plant Room F-02 0.33 1 47.42 26 406.85
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 891.86
Fabric Loss – Link F-01
Surface U Value
(W/m2 oC)
Area
(m2)
Temperature Distance
(oC)
Heat Loss
(W)
External Wall 1 0.16 13.1 26 54.50
Internal Wall 2 0.13 11.88 0 0.00
External Wall 3 0.16 12.65 26 52.62
External Wall 4 0.16 4.51 26 18.76
External Wall 5 0.16 1.31 26 5.45
External Wall 6 0.16 0.82 26 3.41
Window(s) 2.1 27.32 26 1491.67
Roof 0.3 17.39 26 135.64
Floor 0.13 17.39 0 0.00
Fabric Losses Total 1762.06
Ventilation Loss
0.33 Air Change
rate
Volume
(m3)
Temperature
Difference (oC)
Losses
(W)
Link F-01 0.33 1 43.22 26 370.84
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W) 2132.90
From the below results you can see the total heat loss calculations for the complete first floor
of the building.
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Roof Loss 4660.66W
Floor Loss 0 W
External Wall Loss 1524.33 W
Internal Wall Loss 0 W
Window/ Louvre Loss 8431.57 W
Fabric Loss 14616.56W
Ventilation Loss 25390.49 W
Total Heat loss 40007.05 W
Heating Design
Using the total losses for all the rooms the radiators and boiler can be sized (Chen, X., Zhang,
Z., Shi, J., Yang, 2016).
Heat Gains and Natural Ventilation
Section 1
For a typical office on the first please see the below calculations for the peak heat gain,
assuming full occupation, use of lighting and equipment.
Calculations for heat loads
Using Tables A6.1 to A6.11 from CIBSE Concise Handbook/ CIBSE Guide A, and the given
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design requirements, the below table showing heat gains can be created. The heat losses are
from the calculated values in Section one of this report (Andrews & Young, 2016).
IT Office (14.7m2) Sensible Heat Gain Latent Heat Gain Heat
Loss
w w w
2 people 70 x 2 140 45 x 2 90 555.57
PCs (2no.) 55 x 2 110
PC Monitors (2no.) 70 x 2 140
Desktop Printer (2no.) 75 x 2 150
Desktop Photocopier
(2no.) 85 x 2 170
Scanner (1no.) 25 x 1 25
Lighting 35 x 14.7 514.5
Solar Gain N/A
1249.5
w 90w 555.57w
As the windows of the room are north facing we have assumed that the solar gains are
negligible.
Section 2
If total heat gains are 2000W
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Conclusion
Notwithstanding, beginning late, air-source warm pump advancement has pushed with the
target that it now offers an honest to goodness space warming option in colder areas. A 3-way
focal warming pump is best to plan of focal warming pump assurance. In event of completely
pumped open vented structure, the water is "pumped" around the foaming water and focal
warming circuits. An empowered valve controls used to control the surge of water through
the high temp water circuit or the focal warming circuit as fitting.
References
Cockroft, J., Cowie, A., Samuel, A., & Strachan, P. (2017). Potential energy savings
achievable by zoned control of individual rooms in UK housing compared to standard central
heating controls. Energy and Buildings, 136, 1-11.
Dellwig, S., & Lipinski, J. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,593,858. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office.
Casado, M. R., Serafini, J., Glen, J., & Angus, A. (2017). Monetising the impacts of waste
incinerators sited on brownfield land using the hedonic pricing method. Waste
Management, 61, 608-616.
Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Shi, J., Yang, Z., & Chen, J. (2016). Research on the operating
characteristics of floor heating system with residential EVI air source heat pump in China.
Andrews, L., & Young, R. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,328,932. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office.
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