Assignment On Cerebral Vascular Accidents in Australia

Cerebral Vascular Accidents in Australia
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Cerebral Vascular Accidents
Introduction
Cerebra vascular accident-CVA refers to the sudden death of the brain
occurring due to lack of oxygen flow through the blood. This may be due to
impaired blockage or rupture of the brain artery. CVA is often referred to as a
stroke. CVA occurs in two types; due to ischemic linked to blood flow and
hemorrhagic occurring due to bleeding. Both types of CVA lead to loss of proper
functioning of the brain. Cerebra vascular accident under ischemic attack can
lead to blockage of blood vessels while the hemorrhagic attack can lead to
bleeding in the brain in spaces between the membranes of the brain. The
underlying symptoms of a stroke are linked to the occurrence of permanent
damage with long term effects leading to pneumonia or bladder control loss. The
underlying risks factors of CVA entail high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, high
cholesterol, diabetes mellitus and previous atria fibrillation (Mahanta, Mahanta &
Gogoi, 2017). Globally around 62 million people suffer from Cerebra vascular
accidents, among this about 5 million dies while 5 million persons are left with a
permanent disability, increasing the burden to families and communities (WHO,
online).
Cerebral Vascular accident in Australia
In Australia, 50,000 people suffer from CVA/stroke every year leaving the
majority of them with mental and physical disabilities which have an increased
level of emotion, social and financial burden to the general communities.
Currently, there are about half a million survivors who were unable to get quality
life and increased levels of load on families and cares.
CVA is the third cause of death in Australia; statistics show that in 2015,
there was an estimate of 10,869 fatalities, amounting to 6.8% of total deaths
(159,052 occurrences). Rates of occurrence have however been declining since
2006 forward, wherein 2006 there were 51 deaths per 100,000 while in 2015
there were 35 deaths per 100,000 midyear population; despite this, it is still one
of the essential causes of death and key health factor.
In age-standardized death rates, ischemic attacks largely related to CVA
have decreased from 91.4 per 100,000 in 2009 to about 54.6 per 100,000 in
2018. Despite this decline, in the year 2018, ischemic attacks and heart-related

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diseases underlying Cerebral Vascular accidents were the leading causes of
death with 17,533 deaths in 2018 having a median age of 84.7 years (ABS,
2018).
Characteristics of persons with CVA
In Australia, CVA is the leading cause of death and major cause of long term
disability among adults. The inherent physical and mental consequences of
stroke, entail the occurrence of paralysis and motor function defects, challenges
linked to speech and language, loss of vision, memory and impairments of
cognitive ability, social isolation, depression, job loss and dependency. Ischemic
related CVA account for the second-highest number of years of the potential loss
amounting to 68,532, further; it entails the highest number of premature deaths
at 6,000. Further, a striking data entails the mortality effects on women affecting
many compared to breasts cancer and higher among men compared to deaths
caused by prostate cancer (AIHF, 2018).
It is estimated that more than 80% of stroke occurrence can be prevented.
In the year 2017, about 475,000 persons were living with stroke effects with
predictions indicating that by 2050 about 50 million cases will be there. They
occur to anyone and thus is not just a disease affecting the older generation.
About 30% are young people below the age of 65 years. The likely impact on
health care is estimated to be around $5 billion each year (O’Donnell et al.
2016).
Between the years 2015-2016, about 37,300 hospitalization cares were
received for CVA at a rate of 134 persons per 100,000. The rates of
hospitalization were higher among the female's gender compared to the males.
The length of stay in hospitals was about 8 days with rehabilitation caretaking an
average of 26 days. Variations across population groups demonstrate that
among the Aboriginal and Torres strait islanders, the occurrence was about 1.5
to2.3 times higher than the non-indigenous populations (AIHF, 2018).
The inherent physical and mental consequences of stroke are leading to the
occurrence of paralysis and motor function defects, challenges linked to speech
and language, loss of vision, memory and impairments of cognitive ability, social
isolation, depression, job loss and dependency. There is a need for addressing
this issue calls for adequate engagement and supporting institution and homes