Body Integrity Assignment PDF
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Added on 2021-04-17
Body Integrity Assignment PDF
Added on 2021-04-17
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Running head:CHALLENGES AND RESPONSE TO BODY INTEGRITYChallenges and response to body integrityName of student:Name of university:Author note:
1CHALLENGES AND RESPONSE TO BODY INTEGRITY1.The lumbar spine is responsible for forming the caudal flexible portion of the axialstructure that supports the upper extremities, the head and the internal organs over a bipedalstance. The sacrum is known to act as a foundation of the spine, and the lumbar spine isresponsible for supporting heavy loads in relation to the cross-sectional area. The anteriorgravitational movement is resisted through the maintenance of lordosis in a neutral position. Thelumbar spine doesnot have a lateral support and has significant mobility in coronal and sagittalplanes. The intervertebral disk has the inner nucleus pulposus and the outer annulus fibrosis(Clarke er al., 2011). Bony projections that originate from the lumbar vertebra, including thetransverse processes and spinous processes, are responsible for maintaining ligamentous andmuscular connections to the segments below and above them (Cox, 2012).Repeated torsional and eccentric loading in combination with recurrent microtraumaleads to circumferential and radial tears in annular fibers.Certain tears lead to endplateseparation, causing significant loss of nuclear nutrition and hydration. The nuclear materialmight migrate out of the containment due to coalescence of circumferential tears into radial tears.Under such condition, the material enters the epidural space, leading to irritation and nerve rootcompression. With decrease in disk height, the posterior articulations are forced to bear greaterpercentages of the weight distribution. Under such conditions the bone growth is known tocompensate for the augmented stress for stabilizing the trijoint complex. Lower back pain issuffered under such physiological condition. The healing process is not adequate as there is poorsupply of blood (Bauer et al., 2017).
2CHALLENGES AND RESPONSE TO BODY INTEGRITY2.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a reputed group of therapeuticagents that have similar mode of actions even though they have different pharmacodynamics andstructural profiles. NSAIDs are the first line of drugs for management of low back pain amongother acute or chronic conditions where the patient is suffering from inflammation and pain. Thedrugs have an analgesic action that is associated with the inhibitory action of the drug on theenzymes synthesising prostaglandins. The drugs act as inhibitor of peripheral pain as they workthrough a potential analgesic pathway. Multiple mediators at the periphery trigger nociceptionwhen there are chemical, physical or electrical stimuli. Nociceptors are sensitized by synergisticactions of prostaglandins with other mediators. Analgesic action of NSAIDs is due to thecommotion of the process of synthesis of central prostaglandins and other modulators in thenociceptive pathway (Takahashi et al., 2017). There also exists proof for the inhibitory impact ofthe drug on prostaglandin expression in cerebrospinal fluid due to N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor activation. Further, NSAIDs also has been proven to have inhibitory effect onthe lipoxygenase pathway due to the presence of algogenic metabolites whose production isincreased. The drug might interfere with G-protein-mediated signal,forming the rationale for ananalgesic mechanism where prostaglandin synthesis inhibition does not have any role (Machadoet al., 2017). In the present case, sue has been suffering from low back pain. More precisely theNumeric Pain Rating Scale assessment reveals that she suffers from moderate pain. The actionis supposed to occur within 24 hours. The side effects might be diarrhea, nausea, vomiting(Enthoven et al., 2016).
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