Challenges and Responses to Body Integrity: Understanding Pathophysiology and Pain Management

In this case study we will discuss about challenges & response to body Integrity and below are the summaries point:- "Explore the challenges and responses to body integrity, including the pathophysiology of lower back pain and pain management strategies." "Case study analysis of a 71-year-old man with lower back pain and metastatic lesions, discussing NSAIDs and prescriptive analgesics." "Understanding the connection between pathology and physiological body functions, and exploring effective pain relief options for body integrity issues."

Running head: CHALLENGES AND RESPONSE TO BODY INTEGRITY 1
Challenges and Response to Body Integrity
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO BODY INTEGRITY 2
Challenges and Responses to Body Integrity
Introduction
Müller (2009), identifies “body integrity identity disorder” as an extremely rare
phenomenon of individuals who desire either paralysis or amputation of healthy limbs. This
could be done through self-mutilation or by asking surgeons to transect the spinal cord. This
essay analyzes a case study involving Mr David, a 71-year-old man, who has a lower back pain
which is associated with metastatic lesions in his thoracic and lumbar vertebrae as shown by
MRI scan.
Pathophysiology of David’s lower back pain
According to the MRI scan done on Mr David, the cause of the lower back pain can be
attributed to the connection between pathology and some physiological body functions. The
lumber spine offers support to the head and internal organs when one stands upright (Park, Lee
& Chung, 2016). The annular fibres may tear at the circumference or at the radius in case of
eccentric and torsional loading which is repeated. This may cause lower back pain as the tear
result in separation of endplates hence resulting in Mr David’s case. Another case is the
movement of nuclear material out of the annular container into the epidural space. This causes
nerve roots to compress and irritate, resulting in joint pain (Bernstein, Malik, Carville & Ward,
2017). As one advance in age, the disc height decreases and biomechanical axis of loading shifts,
resulting in more weight being exerted on the facet joints, a situation which can only be
corrected by bone growth.
The effectiveness of NSAIDs for Pain Management in Adults
Pain complaints like low back pain and osteoarthritis are common in old aged individuals
(Mohanty et al. 2016). NSAIDs are considered the best alternative for use because of their

CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO BODY INTEGRITY 3
perceived safety. Many elderly persons also find NSAIDs to be always available over the counter
at low cost (Croucher, McDonald & Martin, 2016). Acute renal failure and inflammation which
may lead to pain in adults have been reduced by the use of NSAIDs (Furlan, Giraldo, Baskwill,
Irvil & Imamura, 2015). Similarly, clinical efficacy has been enhanced by the use of such drugs
(Lué & Lanas, 2016).
Prescriptive Analgesics for Mr David
In order to reduce the lower back pain in Mr David's case, some anodyne or pain relievers
can be prescribed to him. This helps reduce the persistent pain which might be caused by
metastatic lesions in his thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Pain killers like Advil, and Motrin B are
also recommended. However, stronger pain relievers like Morphine are significant. Mr. David
can also use topical pain killers like creams, salves or ointments to rub at the site of the pain to
help reduce the pain. Low doses of tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline can also be
prescribed for Mr. David to reduce the lower back pain (Chou et al. 2016). Again, use of
Oxycodone or Hydrocodone is effective in relieving chronic back pain (Reid, Ecdeston, &
Pillemer, 2015). If these measures don’t relieve the pain, injection of cortisone in the epidural
space may be necessary (Franco et al. 2015).

CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO BODY INTEGRITY 4
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CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO BODY INTEGRITY 5
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