Challenges of Implementing IoT Smart Cities in Australia

The assignment discusses the importance of understanding and managing data privacy in the era of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities. It highlights the need for individuals to take control of their personal data and be aware of how it is being captured, used, and shared. The text also emphasizes the complexity involved in analyzing data and the importance of proper understanding of the system by both engineers and users. Furthermore, it notes that common people are often vulnerable to security breaches and privacy compromises, making it crucial for them to understand the implications of their actions.

Challenges in implementing IOT smart cities in Australia

Introduction:
Smart city is a fancy term that is used to describe the urban area which has number
of electronic internet of things which will have sensors to collect the data and then
utilizing that data to manage the assets and resources in an efficient manner. The
data which is collected includes collection from citizens, devices and other
resources. All of them are properly analyzed and processed so that the data
collected is accurate and to the point. To the point data is accurate and précised and
less vulnerable to errors. This smart work is done manage the resources, assets and
other data efficiently. Using technology – in particular the Internet of Things (IoT)
and artificial intelligence – to alleviate such situations would be good for citizens
and cities. It is, for example, not uncommon in modern metropolises, for public
lighting to account for half of the city’s energy budget. In the short term, smart
LED lights could use 50 per cent less power than traditional lights. (This is the
very least that needs to happen if the world’s cities are going to cope with their
growing populations.) In the near future, as ‘dumb’ poles become smart, they could
form the digital backbone of a city, giving citizens – and officials – real-time,
accurate information on anything from rush hour delays to air quality. Most urban
governments embrace the compelling environmental, financial and social case for
the development of smart cities. A technology is only good when it serves the
purpose. If the trending technology starts to peep into the private data of the person
which can compromise his or her privacy, then it is a big issue and it is often
caused by partial understanding of the system. Not only the engineers, who are
deploying the services but also the people who are using the services should have
proper understanding of the system. Eventually, common people are the ones who
are mostly vulnerable to the security breaches and privacy compromises.
What some are struggling with, as this Smart Cities World/Philips Lighting survey
underlines, is exactly how to implement such a program. With every technology
associated trend, various pros and cons also come glued with it. All the perks have
been described above, this section will take you through some challenges that are
being faced by the cities to implement internet of things in its surroundings. There
are various complexities involved in the analysis of data. It may sound simple but
it is quite tough and requires commendable skills. It also requires investment in
huge amount. When the data is classified, it becomes even tougher to decide the
ways by which data will be shared further so that this technology can work. It has

been seen that engineers and the experts say that people have to tackle their
privacy more directly now because each device, asset or any other resource is
getting embedded internet technology in it. There are so many chances that may
occur and cause security breach. This will not only affect the security but also the
reputation of the person whose privacy has been compromised. Since, these issues
are being faced by huge amount of people and they are getting savvy about their
data; it is getting crucial for the people to understand that the data is being captured
and used for further analysis. A technology is only good when it serves the
purpose. If the trending technology starts to peep into the private data of the person
which can compromise his or her privacy, then it is a big issue and it is often
caused by partial understanding of the system. Not only the engineers, who are
deploying the services but also the people who are using the services should have
proper understanding of the system. Eventually, common people are the ones who
are mostly vulnerable to the security breaches and privacy compromises. There are
various complexities involved in the analysis of data. It may sound simple but it is
quite tough and requires commendable skills. It also requires investment in huge
amount. When the data is classified, it becomes even tougher to decide the ways by
which data will be shared further so that this technology can work.
Some research insights into IOT:
If smart cities are to become the ‘new normal’, local authorities and key decision
makers need to navigate such difficult areas as technology, communications, data
and security, knowing that costs can be difficult to predict and that the project will
grow in complexity. Nor can they afford to underestimate the internal challenges,
such as the need to engage other stakeholders, drive collaboration and break down
silos. Political leaders, their careers determined by short-term electoral cycles, also
need quick wins to maintain faith in a project. Smart city is a fancy term that is
used to describe the urban area which has number of electronic internet of things
which will have sensors to collect the data and then utilizing that data to manage
the assets and resources in an efficient manner. The data which is collected
includes collection from citizens, devices and other resources. Smart city is all
driven by technologies and this is the reason why it has a robust infrastructure.
Smart city is a fancy term that is used to describe the urban area which has number
of electronic internet of things which will have sensors to collect the data and then
utilizing that data to manage the assets and resources in an efficient manner. . A

technology is only good when it serves the purpose. If the trending technology
starts to peep into the private data of the person which can compromise his or her
privacy, then it is a big issue and it is often caused by partial understanding of the
system. Not only the engineers, who are deploying the services but also the people
who are using the services should have proper understanding of the system.
Eventually, common people are the ones who are mostly vulnerable to the security
breaches and privacy compromises. The data which is collected includes collection
from citizens, devices and other resources. All of them are properly analyzed and
processed so that the data collected is accurate and to the point. To the point data is
accurate and précised and less vulnerable to errors. This smart work is done to
manage the resources, assets and other data efficiently. There are various smart
projects that are being run in the smart cities. These include smart lighting,
transport systems that are intelligent, smart utilities for electricity and water billing.
A smart city is the one in which human intervention is not required at a great
extent. There are so many programs running in the city such smart city program in
Melbourne. It includes around 65 sensor equipped dust bins that collect the
garbage. Not all networks are created equal. Every organization investing in this
technology will calibrate such variables as range, bandwidth, power usage,
intermittent connectivity, interoperability and security in their own way. All of
them are properly analyzed and processed so that the data collected is accurate and
to the point. To the point data is accurate and précised and less vulnerable to errors.
This smart work is done manage the resources, assets and other data efficiently.
The main concept behind smart city is beyond internet as it has embedded internet
to support proper collection of the data. A technology is only good when it serves
the purpose. If the trending technology starts to peep into the private data of the
person which can compromise his or her privacy, then it is a big issue and it is
often caused by partial understanding of the system. Not only the engineers, who
are deploying the services but also the people who are using the services should
have proper understanding of the system. Eventually, common people are the ones
who are mostly vulnerable to the security breaches and privacy compromises.

The focus on sustainability – and efficient use of resources – has prompted
hundreds of local authorities across the world to invest in smart LED street
lighting. The lights last longer, use much less energy and make streets safer. Yet
smart lighting can do such more, providing the foundation for an eco-system of
data that can help people make better decisions – whether they are managers
delivering public services or ordinary citizens wondering how best to get home
after work. One in two respondents could envisage instant financial returns on
smart lighting and saw this technology as a potential source of revenue when other
smart services were integrated into the infrastructure. Revenue-generating
opportunities include – but are not limited to – digital signage for advertisers,
electric vehicle charging and supporting cellular networks. The strong belief in the
value of public-private partnerships is intriguing, given the opprobrium many of
these initiatives have attracted in the media. Yet it does suggest that many local
authorities understand they can learn from best practice in the private sector and
use businesses to help fulfill their vision.
Features of smart cities in Australia:

Smart city is all driven by technologies and this is the reason why it has a robust
infrastructure. Smart city is a fancy term that is used to describe the urban area
which has number of electronic internet of things which will have sensors to
collect the data and then utilizing that data to manage the assets and resources in an
efficient manner. . A technology is only good when it serves the purpose. If the
trending technology starts to peep into the private data of the person which can
compromise his or her privacy, then it is a big issue and it is often caused by partial
understanding of the system. Not only the engineers, who are deploying the
services but also the people who are using the services should have proper
understanding of the system. Eventually, common people are the ones who are
mostly vulnerable to the security breaches and privacy compromises. The data
which is collected includes collection from citizens, devices and other resources.
All of them are properly analyzed and processed so that the data collected is
accurate and to the point. To the point data is accurate and précised and less
vulnerable to errors. This smart work is done to manage the resources, assets and
other data efficiently. There are various smart projects that are being run in the
smart cities. These include smart lighting, transport systems that are intelligent,
smart utilities for electricity and water billing. A smart city is the one in which
human intervention is not required at a great extent. There are so many programs
running in the city such smart city program in Melbourne. It includes around 65
sensor equipped dust bins that collect the garbage. Not all networks are created
equal. Every organization investing in this technology will calibrate such variables
as range, bandwidth, power usage, intermittent connectivity, interoperability and
security in their own way. How they prioritize those factors will ultimately decide
which network – or more likely networks – they need to deliver the connectivity
that is the foundation of any smart city
Challenges in implementing smart cities in Australia:
With every technology associated trend, various pros and cons also come glued
with it. All the perks have been described above, this section will take you through
some challenges that are being faced by the cities to implement internet of things
in its surroundings. There are various complexities involved in the analysis of data.
It may sound simple but it is quite tough and requires commendable skills. It also
requires investment in huge amount. When the data is classified, it becomes even
tougher to decide the ways by which data will be shared further so that this

technology can work. It has been seen that engineers and the experts say that
people have to tackle their privacy more directly now because each device, asset or
any other resource is getting embedded internet technology in it. There are so
many chances that may occur and cause security breach. This will not only affect
the security but also the reputation of the person whose privacy has been
compromised. Since, these issues are being faced by huge amount of people and
they are getting savvy about their data; it is getting crucial for the people to
understand that the data is being captured and used for further analysis. A
technology is only good when it serves the purpose. If the trending technology
starts to peep into the private data of the person which can compromise his or her
privacy, then it is a big issue and it is often caused by partial understanding of the
system. Not only the engineers, who are deploying the services but also the people
who are using the services should have proper understanding of the system.
Eventually, common people are the ones who are mostly vulnerable to the security
breaches and privacy compromises. There are various complexities involved in the
analysis of data. It may sound simple but it is quite tough and requires
commendable skills. It also requires investment in huge amount. When the data is
classified, it becomes even tougher to decide the ways by which data will be shared
further so that this technology can work.
Local authorities need to address such concerns if they are to make the most of
their data – as Helsinki has done. Authorities in the Finnish capital began financing
statistics bureaus more than a century ago – you can see the results online at City
Of Helsinki Urban Facts – and is now sharing data with three neighboring cities in
a body called Helsinki Region Info share to give the authorities a more rounded
picture of life in the metropolitan area. As we all are aware of the fact that internet
of things that is used in developing the smart city utilizes the master slave or client
server architecture. Every peripheral device, asset or resource from which the data
is extracted , to process and analyze are considered as client systems or slaves. The
main centralized system that is used to process and analyze the data collected from
the client machines is called as server or the master system. All these systems
require latest hardware to communicate with each other and be in sync with each
other. To make the city a smart investment has to be high and at regular intervals.
Smart city is the urban area which has number of electronic internet of things
which will have sensors to collect the data and then utilizing that data to manage

the assets and resources in an efficient manner. To carry out each operation
smoothly, it should be ensured that hardware and the software are updated at
regular intervals or not. There should also be proper architecture and design of the
system that has to be deployed. Suppose, the devices which are connected to each
other are using network as the medium to communicate. There are cases when
bottle necks have been observed. This has caused the network to choke and leave
the devices in hang mode. There are various complexities involved in the analysis
of data. It may sound simple but it is quite tough and requires commendable skills.
It also requires investment in huge amount. When the data is classified, it becomes
even tougher to decide the ways by which data will be shared further so that this
technology can work. The landmark projects to emerge from this collaboration
include R, a software package designed to make it easier for researchers,
journalists and citizens to access city data and Blind Square, a smart phone app that
draws on data from transportation systems, public services and social networking
app Foursquare, to help blind people navigate Helsinki. The key for tech
developers in Finland is that the data they are working with is free to use and in
standard formats. If it wasn’t, they would be looking elsewhere for business. Data
cannot be shared – and smart cities cannot fulfill their potential – if systems cannot
work with other systems. With technologies and standards constantly, and rapidly,
evolving, many cities recognize the need to avoid getting locked into a single
vendor’s integrated solutions which lead, inevitably, to silos of information and
services and make it much harder to share data with citizens, developers and other
cities.
SECURITY CONCERN :
Though, it was properly tested while sending some data over the network to the
devices of IOT, still there are some incidents reported which have raised the
concern for security breach. Data whether of a company or of a single individual
cannot afford to compromise at any cost. This is one of the most difficult challenge
that is being faced while implementing the internet of things enabled smart cities in
Australia. When the data is classified, it becomes even tougher to decide the ways
by which data will be shared further so that this technology can work. It has been
seen that engineers and the experts say that people have to tackle their privacy
more directly now because each device, asset or any other resource is getting
embedded internet technology in it. If the trending technology starts to peep into

the private data of the person which can compromise his or her privacy, then it is a
big issue and it is often caused by partial understanding of the system. Not only the
engineers, who are deploying the services but also the people who are using the
services should have proper understanding of the system. Eventually, common
people are the ones who are mostly vulnerable to the security breaches and privacy
compromises. There are so many chances that may occur and cause security
breach. This will not only affect the security but also the reputation of the person
whose privacy has been compromised. Since, these issues are being faced by huge
amount of people and they are getting savvy about their data; it is getting crucial
for the people to understand that the data is being captured and used for further
analysis.
REGULAR UPDATION OF IOT (Internet of things) Hardware:
As we all are aware of the fact that internet of things that is used in developing the
smart city utilizes the master slave or client server architecture. Every peripheral
device, asset or resource from which the data is extracted , to process and analyze
are considered as client systems or slaves. The main centralized system that is used
to process and analyze the data collected from the client machines is called as
server or the master system. All these systems require latest hardware to
communicate with each other and be in sync with each other. To make the city a
smart investment has to be high and at regular intervals. Smart city is the urban
area which has number of electronic internet of things which will have sensors to
collect the data and then utilizing that data to manage the assets and resources in an
efficient manner. To carry out each operation smoothly, it should be ensured that
hardware and the software are updated at regular intervals or not. There should
also be proper architecture and design of the system that has to be deployed.
Suppose, the devices which are connected to each other are using network as the
medium to communicate. There are cases when bottle necks have been observed.
This has caused the network to choke and leave the devices in hang mode. This has
led to serious issues in the system and is also one of most difficult challenges in
implementing the IOT enabled smart cities in Australia.
EXPENSIVE:

To implement and maintain such robust systems, there is a cost factor that is
associated with it. There are so many devices, resources and assets that are linked
with internet of things. Maintaining such links is a cumber some task and requires
huge amount of investment. Every peripheral device, asset or resource from which
the data is extracted , to process and analyze are considered as client systems or
slaves. The main centralized system that is used to process and analyze the data
collected from the client machines is called as server or the master system. All
these systems require latest hardware to communicate with each other and be in
sync with each other. To make the city a smart investment has to be high and at
regular intervals. Smart city is the urban area which has number of electronic
internet of things which will have sensors to collect the data and then utilizing that
data to manage the assets and resources in an efficient manner. To carry out each
operation smoothly, it should be ensured that hardware and the software are
updated at regular intervals or not. Data whether of a company or of a single
individual cannot afford to compromise at any cost. This is one of the most
difficult challenge that is being faced while implementing the internet of things
enabled smart cities in Australia. When the data is classified, it becomes even
tougher to decide the ways by which data will be shared further so that this
technology can work. It has been seen that engineers and the experts say that
people have to tackle their privacy more directly now because each device, asset or
any other resource is getting embedded internet technology in it. If the trending
technology starts to peep into the private data of the person which can compromise
his or her privacy, then it is a big issue and it is often caused by partial
understanding of the system. Not only the engineers, who are deploying the
services but also the people who are using the services should have proper
understanding of the system. Eventually, common people are the ones who are
mostly vulnerable to the security breaches and privacy compromises. There are so
many chances that may occur and cause security breach. This will not only affect
the security but also the reputation of the person whose privacy has been
compromised.
Network Connectivity
Suppose, the devices which are connected to each other are using network as the
medium to communicate. There are cases when bottle necks have been observed.
This has caused the network to choke and leave the devices in hang mode. This has

led to serious issues in the system and is also one of most difficult challenges in
implementing the IOT enabled smart cities in Australia. To carry out each
operation smoothly, it should be ensured that hardware and the software are
updated at regular intervals or not. There should also be proper architecture and
design of the system that has to be deployed. Proper connectivity is of the utmost
importance to implement the smart cities in Australia. Intermittent breaking of the
internet will result in weak connectivity between the devices which want to
communicate with each other. This will lead to poor processing and analysis of the
system. Data packets will not move towards the required destination and
connection may get corrupt. Therefore, it will require a team of experts to deploy
and run the required services. More skilled labor means more efforts in terms of
money.
Expert IT Team
Since, the workload is very high and it requires 27*7 monitoring, so it will require
a force to be available according to the requirement of the resources. Also, since
the configuration of internet of things in the peripheral assets is not an easy task.
Therefore, it will require a team of experts to deploy and run the required services.
More skilled labor means more efforts in terms of money. As we all are aware of
the fact that internet of things that is used in developing the smart city utilizes the
master slave or client server architecture. Every peripheral device, asset or resource
from which the data is extracted; to process and analyze are considered as client
systems or slaves. The main centralized system that is used to process and analyze
the data collected from the client machines is called as server or the master system.
All these systems require latest hardware to communicate with each other and be in
sync with each other. To make the city a smart investment has to be high and at
regular intervals. Smart city is the urban area which has number of electronic
internet of things which will have sensors to collect the data and then utilizing that
data to manage the assets and resources in an efficient manner. To carry out each
operation smoothly, it should be ensured that hardware and the software are
updated at regular intervals or not. There should also be proper architecture and
design of the system that has to be deployed. Suppose, the devices which are
connected to each other are using network as the medium to communicate. There
are cases when bottle necks have been observed. This has caused the network to
choke and leave the devices in hang mode. To prevent the systems to go in the

hang mode, keen monitoring will be done by the engineers who will be rendering
the services. Data whether of a company or of a single individual cannot afford to
compromise at any cost. This is one of the most difficult challenge that is being
faced while implementing the internet of things enabled smart cities in Australia.
When the data is classified, it becomes even tougher to decide the ways by which
data will be shared further so that this technology can work. It has been seen that
engineers and the experts say that people have to tackle their privacy more directly
now because each device, asset or any other resource is getting embedded internet
technology in it. If the trending technology starts to peep into the private data of
the person which can compromise his or her privacy, then it is a big issue and it is
often caused by partial understanding of the system. Not only the engineers, who
are deploying the services but also the people who are using the services should
have proper understanding of the system. Eventually, common people are the ones
who are mostly vulnerable to the security breaches and privacy compromises.
There are so many chances that may occur and cause security breach. This will not
only affect the security but also the reputation of the person whose privacy has
been compromised. To prevent such breaches, it is important deploy a security
team who can identify the loop holes before hand and take proactive steps.
Conclusion:
With every technology associated trend, various pros and cons also come glued
with it. All the perks have been described above, this section will take you through
some challenges that are being faced by the cities to implement internet of things
in its surroundings. There are various complexities involved in the analysis of data.
It may sound simple but it is quite tough and requires commendable skills. It also
requires investment in huge amount. When the data is classified, it becomes even
tougher to decide the ways by which data will be shared further so that this
technology can work. It has been seen that engineers and the experts say that
people have to tackle their privacy more directly now because each device, asset or
any other resource is getting embedded internet technology in it. There are so
many chances that may occur and cause security breach. This will not only affect
the security but also the reputation of the person whose privacy has been
compromised. Since, these issues are being faced by huge amount of people and
they are getting savvy about their data; it is getting crucial for the people to
understand that the data is being captured and used for further analysis. A

technology is only good when it serves the purpose. If the trending technology
starts to peep into the private data of the person which can compromise his or her
privacy, then it is a big issue and it is often caused by partial understanding of the
system. Not only the engineers, who are deploying the services but also the people
who are using the services should have proper understanding of the system.
Eventually, common people are the ones who are mostly vulnerable to the security
breaches and privacy compromises. There are various complexities involved in the
analysis of data. It may sound simple but it is quite tough and requires
commendable skills. It also requires investment in huge amount. When the data is
classified, it becomes even tougher to decide the ways by which data will be shared
further so that this technology can work.
References:
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... & Scholl, H. J.
(2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. In 2012 45th Hawaii
international conference on system sciences (pp. 2289-2297). IEEE.
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a service
model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Transactions on Emerging
Telecommunications Technologies, 25(1), 81-93.
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., & Addepalli, S. (2012, August). Fog computing and its role in the
internet of things. In Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud
computing (pp. 13-16). ACM.
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a service
model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Transactions on Emerging
Telecommunications Technologies, 25(1), 81-93.
Yigitcanlar, T., & Velibeyoglu, K. (2008). Knowledge-based urban development: The local
economic development path of Brisbane, Australia. Local Economy, 23(3), 195-207.
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... & Scholl, H. J.
(2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. In 2012 45th Hawaii
international conference on system sciences (pp. 2289-2297). IEEE.
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a service
model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Transactions on Emerging
Telecommunications Technologies, 25(1), 81-93.

Anthopoulos, L. G., & Vakali, A. (2012). Urban planning and smart cities: Interrelations and
reciprocities. In The future internet (pp. 178-189). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a service
model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Transactions on Emerging
Telecommunications Technologies, 25(1), 81-93.
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., & Addepalli, S. (2012, August). Fog computing and its role in the
internet of things. In Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud
computing (pp. 13-16). ACM.
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a service
model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Transactions on Emerging
Telecommunications Technologies, 25(1), 81-93.