Patient Experiences with Health Technologies

This assignment delves into the evolving landscape of patient experiences with health technologies. It examines various aspects, such as electronic health records (EHRs), wearable sensors, telehealth, and patient portals, focusing on how these innovations shape patient engagement, healthcare access, and self-management of health conditions. The analysis draws upon a selection of scholarly articles to provide insights into the benefits, challenges, and future directions of integrating technology into healthcare.

Running head: CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
Change management in healthcare
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Health technologies enhance self-care and self-monitoring among patients...............................3
Privacy and confidentiality is ensured using health technologies by patients.............................4
Health technologies support patients and make them informed and active participants in
healthcare.....................................................................................................................................5
Health technology usage by patients results in increase of clinical services...............................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8
Appendix........................................................................................................................................11
Search Strategy..............................................................................................................................11

2CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
Introduction
As the technology drives the pace of progress in healthcare and biomedical research, the
thin line between medical science and engineering grows thinner. The use of computers and
medical machines become faster, smaller and smarter, the medical industry has made
advancements that make medical practice easier for healthcare professionals and better patient
experiences in the healthcare system (Hollis et al., 2015). Change management is happening at a
fast rate in healthcare system that is devoted to planning, organization and coordination of
resources necessary for transition among individuals from current to future state in the healthcare
organizations (Radnor, Holweg & Waring, 2012). Medical technology is improving patient
experiences and key drive for change in the healthcare organizations. For example, Electronic
Health Records (EHRs) is the most able and skilled project that drive healthcare professionals to
share patient’s data effectively and enhance patient safety for better health outcomes (Jensen,
Jensen & Brunak, 2012). Therefore, the following report involves the small-scale literature
review and critical appraisal of articles under themes on changing patient experience using health
technologies.
Search Strategy- Ref to appendix 1
Health technologies enhance self-care and self-monitoring among patients
A review article by Lupton, (2013) is focused on the aspects of patients’ experiences and
their engagement in self-care and self-monitoring via new digital media technologies. Patients
become digitally engaged become active participants in self-care and self-monitoring. There is
patient activation and development of bureaucratic model where patients are the representatives
and effective managers having control of their health and healthcare services (Greene & Hibbard,
2012). The author also highlighted the use of telemedicine as a form of active engagement of

3CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
patients where it is a major part of healthcare delivery. Telemedicine encourages patients in self-
monitoring of their medical conditions and as a result, reduction in healthcare visits and
communication with healthcare providers through technologies rather than confronting face to
face (Lin, 2012). The chances of readmissions are reduced due to self-monitoring and
employment of technologies like video conferencing and wearable sensors that record body
functions like physical activity, respiration and heart rate (Mukhopadhyay, 2015). Patient
monitoring via ingestible medications that are embedded with sensors sending signals to
armbands and detecting heartbeat through wireless stethoscopes are at the heart of patient
monitoring (Ringquist, 2013). From the review article, the question arises that whether these
digital technologies can be incorporated in our daily life and can be remade through embodied
use.
Another review article by Lupton, (2013) illustrated the use of social media tools and
digital devices like mobile and wearable bands offering new ways for measuring, monitoring and
representation of bodily functions. These devices are capable of producing biometric data of
individuals that can be used and shared. Digital devices promote self-tracking practices that can
be used by patients in understanding the concepts of health, identity and embodiment (Woods et
al., 2013). Digital technologies like mHealth’ technology provides patients an opportunity to
monitor their health conditions (Whittaker, 2012). Mobile and wearable digital technologies in
mHealth not only provide positive health experiences for the patients, it is also a way to
communicate with public and monitor their behaviour in conducting health promotion programs
using mobile devices (Kaplan & Stone, 2013). As this article is a review, the author has
incorporated his views and as a result, the review is biasness of the reviewer.

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Archer et al., (2011) in their study stated that Electronic personal health record systems
(PHRs) are patient-centered and support them by making health information accessible to them
assisting self-management. The literature review studied on PHRs’ functionality, design,
applications, benefits and outcomes illustrated that it plays a key role in patient health and
support self-management allowing disease prevention and improvement in health outcomes. The
However, the study requires further trails on PHRs in studying the sustainability and
effectiveness for patient self-management as adoption rates are different because of varied
adoption rates.
Privacy and confidentiality is ensured using health technologies by patients
A study was conducted using Health Information Privacy Questionnaire (HIPQ) (before-
after survey) to study physicians and patients’ experiences of sharing EHRs (Perera et al., 2011).
The main findings showed that more than 90% of participants agreed that using EHRs enhanced
privacy and confidentiality while sharing patient information for clinical purposes. Patient’s
experiences on using EHRs are that there is less privacy loss and better use of health information
by the clinicians (Goldzweig et al., 2013). The strength of the study is that it is one of the largest
surveys conducted to view the physicians and patients experiences while using EHRs on privacy.
The study can be generalized to other populations like people with diabetes and population using
EMRs. The results showed that patients greatly embraced the benefits of EMRs in terms of
integrating, sharing and evaluation of information involved in direct care. However, the paper
has certain limitations and research gap for future studies as study did not clarify that those
people who were unwilling to share data lack trust on EHR or want control over it or unaware of
the benefits and harms of sharing information.

5CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
Health technologies support patients and make them informed and active participants in
healthcare
In an article by Lupton, (2014) it illustrated that the digital experience of patients is
phenomenal that provides them a platform to share their experiences and benefit from it. Patients
gain knowledge, become informed about their health condition, and take an active part in the
healthcare decisions. This big data use in the medical technology support patients by providing
them an online platform for better development of medical treatments and healthcare services
and conducting research (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014). Online sharing networks support
patients in the form of sharing information and engaging them in clinical decisions by becoming
active members in healthcare services (Chung, 2014). In the article, the author argued well that
there is a configuration where patients who they are digitally engaged (patient assemblage) and
digitised patient experiences (data assemblage) being the most recent form of digital
technologies in the medical field. These assemblages configure together that enact and there
emerges digital patient experience economy. This big data accumulation in the digital data
technology is an innovative way for the healthcare system making patients more informed and
economically efficient in receiving medical treatment. The article provided limited information
on how understanding of concepts of health, self-care, expert and lay knowledge and doctor-
patient relationship shape the digital technologies in the medical field. As the source of
information was an article and no such research design and methods are explained in the paper,
its validity is questioned.
In an article by Ahern et al., (2011) the use of healthcare technologies by patients have
meaningful uses improving healthcare quality, patient safety and population health. Patient-
facing technologies play an important role in supporting them and make them more informed and

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active members in the healthcare decisions. There is also enhanced self-management, health,
satisfaction, improved healthcare quality, patient safety and overall increase in healthcare system
(LeRouge et al., 2013). Patients are better informed about their health conditions and quick in
seeking healthcare services via digital healthcare technologies (Kumar et al., 2013). However,
the research gap and future aspects lies in identifying the most useful and effective technology
for the patients for better health outcomes.
Another study by Woods et al., (2013) also stated that patients who use medical health
records take active participation in their health and clinical decision-making. From the results,
four themes were characterized for patient experiences using health records. There was positive
and effective communication of patients with health providers. Enhanced knowledge among
patients with improved self-care and proactive role in self-management, better follow-ups and
active participation in decision-making was also observed in patients using EHRs. This research
study was the first qualitative study of experiences of veteran patients using EHRs that included
test results and clinical notes. This study is also important as its main findings have potential
implications for EHRs development. There is need for further studies to evaluate the overall
impact of clinical health records on workload that likely to change their experiences
necessitating new communication skills while interacting with patients.
Health technology usage by patients results in increase of clinical services
In a retrospective cohort study by Palen et al., (2012) for the assessment of online health
care utilization by patients via health records illustrated that there was increased use of clinical
services as compared to group members who did not have online health record access. The main
outcome of this study was that there were increased rates of telephone encounters, office visits,
emergency departments, after-hours clinical visits and hospitalizations among online medical

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health record users as compared to non-users. The study was significant as there was increase in
medical services like e-mail communication with clinicians and in-person clinical services as
expected as compared to previous studies. The findings were consistent among age groups and
can be generalized to populations without chronic health conditions as variability was found
among medical health users who were suffering from chronic illness using telemedicine for
monitoring. The research gap is this study is that it lacks information regarding why patients seek
online medical health records subsequently and whether this use affects their health outcomes or
not. Cost and benefit of online health services also need to be evaluated along with evaluation of
clinical decisions.
Conclusion
For the above literature review, it is evident that healthcare technologies is on the horizon
providing positive health outcomes for patients with better health experiences. Telehealth, EMRs
and big data have facilitated better heath exchange information and effective communication
between patients and providers. There is ensured privacy, patients acting as proactive
participants in healthcare and self-management, self-care and increased use of clinical services as
themes deduced from literature review. Although, patients’ experiences have enhanced by using
health technologies, there is need for its incorporation in everyday life and awareness among
individuals in using health technologies for better health outcomes.

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References
Ahern, D. K., Woods, S. S., Lightowler, M. C., Finley, S. W., & Houston, T. K. (2011). Promise
of and potential for patient-facing technologies to enable meaningful use. American
journal of preventive medicine, 40(5), S162-S172.
Archer, N., Fevrier-Thomas, U., Lokker, C., McKibbon, K. A., & Straus, S. E. (2011). Personal
health records: a scoping review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, 18(4), 515-522.
Chung, J. E. (2014). Social networking in online support groups for health: how online social
networking benefits patients. Journal of health communication, 19(6), 639-659.
Goldzweig, C. L., Orshansky, G., Paige, N. M., Towfigh, A. A., Haggstrom, D. A., Miake-Lye,
I., ... & Shekelle, P. G. (2013). Electronic patient portals: evidence on health outcomes,
satisfaction, efficiency, and attitudesa systematic review. Annals of internal
medicine, 159(10), 677-687.
Greene, J., & Hibbard, J. H. (2012). Why does patient activation matter? An examination of the
relationships between patient activation and health-related outcomes. Journal of general
internal medicine, 27(5), 520-526.
Hollis, C., Morriss, R., Martin, J., Amani, S., Cotton, R., Denis, M., & Lewis, S. (2015).
Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution. The
British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(4), 263-265.
Jensen, P. B., Jensen, L. J., & Brunak, S. (2012). Mining electronic health records: towards better
research applications and clinical care. Nature Reviews Genetics, 13(6), 395-405.

9CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
Kaplan, R. M., & Stone, A. A. (2013). Bringing the laboratory and clinic to the community:
mobile technologies for health promotion and disease prevention a. Annual Review of
Psychology, 64, 471-498.
Kumar, S., Nilsen, W. J., Abernethy, A., Atienza, A., Patrick, K., Pavel, M., ... & Hedeker, D.
(2013). Mobile health technology evaluation: the mHealth evidence workshop. American
journal of preventive medicine, 45(2), 228-236.
LeRouge, C., Ma, J., Sneha, S., & Tolle, K. (2013). User profiles and personas in the design and
development of consumer health technologies. International journal of medical
informatics, 82(11), e251-e268.
Lin, C. F. (2012). Mobile telemedicine: A survey study. Journal of medical systems, 36(2), 511-
520.
Lupton, D. (2013). Quantifying the body: monitoring and measuring health in the age of
mHealth technologies. Critical Public Health, 23(4), 393-403.
Lupton, D. (2013). The digitally engaged patient: Self-monitoring and self-care in the digital
health era. Social Theory & Health, 11(3), 256-270.
Lupton, D. (2014). The commodification of patient opinion: the digital patient experience
economy in the age of big data. Sociology of health & illness, 36(6), 856-869.
Mukhopadhyay, S. C. (2015). Wearable sensors for human activity monitoring: A review. IEEE
sensors journal, 15(3), 1321-1330.
Palen, T. E., Ross, C., Powers, J. D., & Xu, S. (2012). Association of online patient access to
clinicians and medical records with use of clinical services. Jama, 308(19).

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Perera, G., Holbrook, A., Thabane, L., Foster, G., & Willison, D. J. (2011). Views on health
information sharing and privacy from primary care practices using electronic medical
records. International journal of medical informatics, 80(2), 94-101.
Radnor, Z. J., Holweg, M., & Waring, J. (2012). Lean in healthcare: the unfilled promise?. Social
science & medicine, 74(3), 364-371.
Raghupathi, W., & Raghupathi, V. (2014). Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and
potential. Health information science and systems, 2(1), 3.
Ringquist, L. (2013) Re-admissions: Is telehealth the answer?, [Online] Retrieved from:
http://www.bhmpc.com/2013/04/re-admissions-is-telehealth-the-answer/, Accessed on 16
April 2017.
Whittaker, R. (2012). Issues in mHealth: findings from key informant interviews. Journal of
medical Internet research, 14(5).
Woods, S. S., Schwartz, E., Tuepker, A., Press, N. A., Nazi, K. M., Turvey, C. L., & Nichol, W.
P. (2013). Patient experiences with full electronic access to health records and clinical
notes through the My HealtheVet Personal Health Record Pilot: qualitative
study. Journal of medical Internet research, 15(3).

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Appendix
Search Strategy
For the literature review, eight papers have been chosen and categorized into various themes. For
the retrieval of the papers, the databases like CINAHL, Medline and Web Search were utilized as
powerful tools providing optimum literature on the topic. The search items or keywords, “health
technologies”, “patient experiences”, “medical technology” “electronic health records” or
“medical technologies and patient perceptions”. Boolean operators like AND and OR were used
in conjunction with search items giving an authentic and smooth search. Finally, the relevant
full-text peer reviewed papers published after the year 2011 were considered for the literature
review. Out of 20 articles, 10 articles were selected for the second round after initial round of
search. The abstract was scrutinized and finally, 8 complete articles were selected published in
English from the year 2012 to 2017 were included in the study as it gave valuable information
about patient experiences using health technologies.