Donation Decisions in Kuwait

This assignment investigates the factors that influence people's decisions to donate money to NGOs in Kuwait. It specifically focuses on the roles of education level, practical considerations, and emotional appeals. The analysis involves hypothesis testing using ANOVA to determine if statistically significant relationships exist between these factors and donation behavior.

SPSS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 4: Data Analysis, Findings and Discussion............................................................................
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................1
4.2 Frequency Distribution..........................................................................................................1
4.3 Chi Square Test......................................................................................................................8
4.4 Regression Analysis.............................................................................................................14
4.5 One Way ANOVA...............................................................................................................17

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
After collecting the data through smart and appropriate methodology it is important for
the researcher to analyze the so as to attain desired findings. In the current research study,
investigator aims at evaluating the factors that influence people to donate in the NGOs of
Kuwait. However, for this purpose quantitative techniques has been used in which graphical
presentation will made on frequency distribution and quantitative analysis will be made by the
use of SPSS tools in which different tests such as cross tabulation, correlation, regression and
chi-square test has been selected to test the hypothesis.
4.2 Frequency Distribution
Demographic:
Gender:
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid
Male 222 88.1 88.8 88.8
Female 28 11.1 11.2 100.0
Total 250 99.2 100.0
Missing System 2 .8
Total 252 100.0
Graph:
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Findings:
On the basis of above graphical presentation it has been identified that, around 89% of
the respondents i.e. 222 were male in the survey and just 11% i.e. were females from which
responses has been gathered to evaluate factors that influence people to donate in NGOs of
Kuwait.
Age:
Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 25-30 50 19.8 20.0 20.0
30-35 88 34.9 35.2 55.2
35-40 111 44.0 44.4 99.6
Under 25 1 .4 .4 100.0
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Total 250 99.2 100.0
Missing System 2 .8
Total 252 100.0
Graph:
Findings:
On the basis of above frequency analysis it has been evaluated that, around 44% of
respondents are belongs to the age from 35-40. Whereas, 35% of the people belongs to age from
30-35 and 20% are in age of 25-30. However, only 1% is aged under 25.
Education:
Education
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
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Valid
High 33 13.1 13.2 13.2
BS 192 76.2 76.8 90.0
MS 12 4.8 4.8 94.8
PHD 13 5.2 5.2 100.0
Total 250 99.2 100.0
Missing System 2 .8
Total 252 100.0
Graph:
Findings:
From the above findings it has been evaluated that all the respondents are literate as they
are pursuing some course or degree. As 192 respondents out of 250 are undergraduate. While 33
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people are in high school. On the other hand, 12 people are pursuing masters and remaining 13
are post graduate.
Income:
Income
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Under 500KD 3 1.2 1.2 1.2
500-1000 22 8.7 8.8 10.0
1000-1500 79 31.3 31.6 41.6
1500-2000 146 57.9 58.4 100.0
Total 250 99.2 100.0
Missing System 2 .8
Total 252 100.0
Graph:
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Findings:
On the basis of above frequency analysis when asked to people about their level of
income expected results have been achieved as 58% respondents i.e. 149 individual are earning
in between 1500-2000. While on the other hand, 79 respondents income is 1000 to 1500.
Whereas, only 10% of respondents earns 500-1000KD.
Occupation:
Occupation
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Private Job 6 2.4 2.4 2.4
Professional services
provider
218 86.5 89.0 91.4
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Business 14 5.6 5.7 97.1
Retired 7 2.8 2.9 100.0
Total 245 97.2 100.0
Missing System 7 2.8
Total 252 100.0
Graph:
Findings:
In the above depicted table it has been evaluated that, most of people in Kuwait are
professional service provider and it is because of the fact that when asked to 250 people
regarding their occupation 218 people state that they provide professional services. While
remaining people are associated to private job, business and some of them are retired.
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4.3 Chi Square Test
Ha0 = Null Hypothesis
Ha1 = Alternative Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1:
Ha0 = There is no significance association between gender and Psychological factors that
influence people to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Ha1 = There is significance association between gender and Psychological factors that
influence people to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Gender *News
Crosstab:
Chi-square Test:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 10.407a 4 .034
Likelihood Ratio 9.087 4 .059
Linear-by-Linear Association 2.437 1 .119
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 6 cells (60.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .22.
Findings:
From the above chi-square test it has been evaluated that, high
significance value of 0.34 as compared to 0.05 there is no association
between the news spread to attract people to donate and male and female in
Kuwait.
Gender *Ads Campaigns
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 15.090a 4 .005
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Likelihood Ratio 13.219 4 .010
Linear-by-Linear Association 8.455 1 .004
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 5 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .22.
Findings:
From the above chi-square test it has been evaluated that, equal
significance value of 0.05 as compared to 0.05 there is moderate association
between the fundraising and advertising campaigns for influencing people to
donate and gender.
Gender *Family & Friends
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 15.090a 4 .005
Likelihood Ratio 13.219 4 .010
Linear-by-Linear Association 8.455 1 .004
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 5 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .22.
Findings:
Through the means of depicted table of chi-square test researcher
understood that, equal significance value of 0.05 as compared to 0.05 there
is moderate association between the influence of friends and family related
to donation in NGOs and gender.
Interpretation:
On the basis of findings generated through chi-square test it has been
evaluated that, with the high and equal significance value in each variable
against gender null hypothesis has been selected and alternative is rejected.
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This clearly indicates that there is no significance association between
gender and psychological factors which means decision of male and female
regarding donation in NGO is not affected by any news, advertising or
fundraising campaigns and from the views and thoughts of friends and
family.
Hypothesis 2:
Ha0 = There is no significance association between gender and Practical factors that
influence people to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Ha1 = There is significance association between gender and Practical factors that influence
people to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Gender *Product or service
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 17.128a 4 .002
Likelihood Ratio 26.182 4 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 13.351 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 5 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .45.
Findings:
The above chi-square table illustrates the association between gender
and practical factors that affects the decision of people in donating in NGOs
of Kuwait. However, with the significance value of 0.02 is less than 0.05
indicates that there is association between donation of male & female and
when they get return a product or service.
Gender *Publicity
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
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Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 17.128a 4 .002
Likelihood Ratio 26.182 4 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 13.351 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 5 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .45.
Findings:
From the above table it has been analyzed that, with the significance
value of 0.02 is less than 0.05 indicates that there is association between
donation decision of gender and when they are getting publicity for their
business or family.
Gender *Personal
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 31.290a 4 .000
Likelihood Ratio 32.624 4 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 21.732 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 4 cells (40.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .11.
Findings:
By the means of chi-square table it has been analyzed that, Pearson
Chi-square significance value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 indicates that
there is high association between genders and if the money will go to good
cause.
Interpretation:
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Through the means of above identified findings it has been evaluated
that, practical factors are influencing the course of Kuwait people in making
decision regarding donating money to NGOs. From the results identified
alternative hypothesis is selected and null hypothesis has been rejected.
However, it is because of the fact that, when people get a valuable product
or service in return or their family or business name is publicized they are
ready to donate. Furthermore, people decision regarding donation is
positively affected when they ensure that the money is going for good cause.
Hypothesis 3:
Ha0 = There is no significance association between gender and Emotional factors that
influence people to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Ha1 = There is significance association between gender and Emotional factors that
influence people to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Gender *For the Needy
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 6.671a 3 .083
Likelihood Ratio 9.583 3 .022
Linear-by-Linear Association 6.544 1 .011
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 3 cells (37.5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .22.
Findings:
From the above table it has been analyzed that, with the significance value of 0.083
which is greater than 0.05 indicates that there is no association between donation decision of
gender and when someone is in need.
Gender *For Country
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
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Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 35.644a 4 .000
Likelihood Ratio 30.095 4 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 23.522 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 3 cells (30.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .11.
Findings:
Through the means of depicted table it has been evaluated that, with the significance
value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 indicates that there is association between decision
regarding donating money to NGOs of Kuwait of gender and to make country a better place.
Gender *For My People
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 35.644a 4 .000
Likelihood Ratio 30.095 4 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 23.522 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 3 cells (30.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .11.
Findings:
Through the means of depicted table it has been evaluated that, with the significance
value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 indicates that there is association between gender and for
the better life of the incapable people.
Gender *For the World
Crosstab:
Chi-square test:
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Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 35.644a 4 .000
Likelihood Ratio 30.095 4 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 23.522 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 250
a. 3 cells (30.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .11.
Findings:
With the above table it has been evaluated that, with the significance value of 0.000
which is less than 0.05 indicates that there is association between decision regarding donating
money to NGOs of Kuwait of gender and to make world a better place.
Interpretation:
From the above findings it can be evaluated that there is association between emotional
factors and decision on donation. In this regarding alternative hypothesis has been accepted and
null rejected. This clearly indicates that emotional factors such as to make country a better place
or help people to live better life or make the entire world better are positively influencing people
to donate in the NGOs.
4.4 Regression Analysis
Ha0 = Null Hypothesis
Ha1 = Alternative Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1:
Ha0 = There is no relationship between income level of people in Kuwait and Psychological
factors that influence them to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Ha1 = There is no relationship between income level of people in Kuwait and Psychological
factors that influence them to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Model Summary:
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the
Estimate
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1 .256a .065 .054 .687
a. Predictors: (Constant), Family & Friends, Ads & Campaigns, News
ANOVA:
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 8.141 3 2.714 5.747 .001b
Residual 116.163 246 .472
Total 124.304 249
a. Dependent Variable: Income
b. Predictors: (Constant), Family & Friends, Ads & Campaigns, News
Interpretation:
On the basis of regression analysis it has been identified that, with the
R value of 0.256 which represents the simple correlations indicates that
there is low degree of correlation between the income level and
psychological factors influencing the decisions of people to donate in NGOs
of Kuwait. Further, mean value in ANOVA table (2.714) clearly indicates that
respondents are moderately affected by the psychological factors while
making decision regarding donation in NGOs of Kuwait. Thus, null hypothesis
is accepted.
Hypothesis 2:
Ha0 = There is no relationship between income level of people in Kuwait and Practical factors
that influence them to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Ha1 = There is no relationship between income level of people in Kuwait and Practical factors
that influence them to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Model Summary:
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the
Estimate
15

1 .373a .139 .128 .660
a. Predictors: (Constant), Personal, Product or Service , Publicity
ANOVA:
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 17.252 3 5.751 13.215 .000b
Residual 107.052 246 .435
Total 124.304 249
a. Dependent Variable: Income
b. Predictors: (Constant), Personal, Product or Service , Publicity
Interpretation:
From the above table of regression analysis analyst identified that, as
per the R value of 0.373 which indicates that there is low degree of
correlation between the income level and practical factors that are
influencing the decisions of people to donate in NGOs of Kuwait. On the other
hand, mean value of 5.751 ANOVA table clearly indicates that respondents
are highly affected by the practical factors such as personal, product or
service and publicity while making decision regarding donation in NGOs of
Kuwait. Therefore, null hypothesis is accepted.
Hypothesis 3:
Ha0 = There is no relationship between income level of people in Kuwait and Emotional factors
that influence them to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Ha1 = There is no relationship between income level of people in Kuwait and Emotional factors
that influence them to donate in NGOs in Kuwait
Model summary:
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the
Estimate
16

1 .445a .198 .185 .640
a. Predictors: (Constant), For the World, For My People, For Country, For the Needy
ANOVA:
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 24.371 4 6.093 14.862 .000b
Residual 98.799 241 .410
Total 123.171 245
a. Dependent Variable: Incom
b. Predictors: (Constant), For the World, For My People, For Country, For the Needy
Interpretation:
Through the means of above depicted table of regression analysis,
analyst understood that, as per the R value of 0.373 which indicates that
there is moderate degree of correlation between the income level and
emotional factors that are influencing the decisions of people to donate in
NGOs of Kuwait. Whereas, significance value of regression i.e. 0.000 in
ANOVA table clearly indicates that model was statistically significantly
predicts the outcome variable which is good fit for the data. Furthermore, on
the basis of outcome it can be said that, alternative hypothesis has been
accepted which means the emotional factors such as For the World, For My
People, For Country, For the Needy positively influence while making
decision regarding donation in NGOs of Kuwait.
4.5 One Way ANOVA
Ha0 = Null Hypothesis
Ha1 = Alternative Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1:
Ha0 = There is no statistical significance difference between Education level
and psychological factors affecting donation decision of people in Kuwait
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Ha1 = There is statistical significance difference between Education level and
psychological factors affecting donation decision of people in Kuwait
ANOVA:
ANOVA
Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
News
Between
Groups 1.797 3 .599 1.164 .324
Within Groups 126.539 246 .514
Total 128.336 249
Ads &
Campaigns
Between
Groups .389 3 .130 .481 .696
Within Groups 66.427 246 .270
Total 66.816 249
Family &
Friends
Between
Groups 1.207 3 .402 1.451 .229
Within Groups 68.217 246 .277
Total 69.424 249
Interpretation:
On the basis of above analysis of One Way ANOVA it has been evaluated that, high
significance value of 0.324 in variable news, 0.696 in ads &amp Campaigns and 0.229 in family
and friends indicates that there is no statistical significance difference between
Education level and psychological factors affecting donation decision of
people in Kuwait thus, null hypothesis has been accepted. Therefore, it can
be said that psychological factors does not influence people of Kuwait while
making decision regarding donation of money in NGOs of Kuwait.
Hypothesis 2:
Ha0 = There is no statistical significance difference between Education level
and practical factors affecting donation decision of people in Kuwait
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