How the Columbian Exchange Brought Globalization

Running head: CHAPTERS’ SUMMARY
Chapter’s Summary
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CHAPTER’S SUMMARY1
In Chapter 13 of “Ways of the World” book by Robert Strayer, he has discussed
about the political transformations during 1450 to 1750 in America (Strayer and Nelson
2016). The chapter introduced many empires of the early modern period and emphasised on
the notion that the empire building at those times was not just a western European
phenomenon. The chapter explored several colonial societies that were evolved and the
reasons behind their differences. Furthermore, the chapter has also examined the rise of
Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire and the Qing Dynasty. It addresses the biological effect of
the Columbian Exchange as well as the decline of the great demographic in Americas that
was a result of several epidemic diseases. On the other hand, Chapter 14 has discussed about
the economic transformations during the same period. Atlantic slave trade reminds of the
great importance of this commerce among the human beings for the early modern world and
about its continuing echoes during the 20th century (Strayer and Nelson 2016). By this time,
the Europeans smashed their path into the ancient spice trade of Indian Ocean and started
developing their relationships with the other Asian societies. Furthermore, the silver that was
enriched from the mines in the Spanish America helped in enriching Europe. The chapter also
sheds light on the fact that the 1497-1499 voyage of Vasco da Gama was not an accident.
Chapter 15 is based on the globalisation of Christianity. It is clear from the chapter
that Christianity was limited to Europe in the early modern era. In the year 1500,
Christendom expanded to England from Spain and to the West Russia. The religion was
divided into the Roman Catholic of Central and Western Europe as well as the Eastern
Orthodox of the Eastern Europe (Strayer and Nelson 2016). Reformation started in 1517
when Martin Luther invited a debate publicly on different abuses within the Roman Catholic
Church. He provoked high social tensions and massive schism along with religious
differences. In order to ease the tensions, there were many efforts for domesticating the
foreign practices and ideas. Jesuits in China tried for pointing out the similarities among