Global Tourism Trends and Impact

This assignment examines the current landscape of global tourism. It delves into data on tourist arrivals and receipts across various countries, highlighting influential trends in destination preferences over the past decade. The analysis also considers the role of social factors like safety concerns and cultural experiences in shaping tourist choices. The report utilizes statistical data and insights from travel publications to provide a comprehensive overview of the global tourism industry.

TOURIST DESTINATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 The average expenditure in UK compared with Europe and Asia.............................................3
1.2 Implications of the differences of Tourist Arrivals and Tourist Receipts in countries...............4
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Analysis of cultural, social and physical features of three tourist destinations.........................7
2.2 Explanation about the most important elements that make up the appeal of each of the 3
destinations......................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3...............................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Comparison of the appeal of current leading tourist destination UK with currently developing
destinations Nepal..........................................................................................................................10
(b) Identification of characteristics of tourist destination and evaluation of effects of these
characteristics on appeal of the tourist destination........................................................................11
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................12
4.1a Effects of April 2015 earthquake in Nepal.............................................................................12
4.1b Effects of Terrorism: July 2015 Tunisian beach terror attack................................................13
4.1 c Effect of World disease: February 2015 outbreak of swine flu in India...............................13
4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community in the above three issues.. 13
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Tourism destination can be defined as the country, place, region or even a city that markets
itself as a place to be visited by tourists. Most of the sightseer destinations share certain features
that include attractive places, providing amenities as well as a proper accessibility. Every
destination has a presence of a specific culture, social norms as well as physical features that makes
them quite unique (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). The present study has thus made with an
emphasis to discuss such destinations in terms of their popularity, visitor numbers, tourism and
income generated by them. Other than that focus has further been laid on trends and characteristics
of destinations that are there to appeal the travellers that pay a visit to the country. Advantage as
well as issues related to renowned tourist’s places of the world has further been discussed.
TASK 1
1.1 Average expenditure in UK compared with Europe and Asia
After becoming the member of European Union, the quality of life and standard of living of
UK has gradually increased leaving behind France, Italy and Spain (Melis, McCabe and Del
Chiappa, 2015). By analysing the number of visitors and revenue generated, a comparison chart has
been prepared below.
Table 1: International tourist arrivals
RANK DESTINATION REGION INTERNATIONAL
TOURIST ARRIVALS
IN 2014
INTERNATIONAL
TOURIST
ARRIVALS IN 2013
1 France Europe 83.7 millions 83.5 millions
2 USA North America 74.8 millions 70 millions
3 Spain Europe 65 millions 60.7 millions
4 Italy Europe 45.5 millions 43.9 millions
8 UK Europe 32.6 millions 31.1 millions
Table 1: Overall expenditure of travellers from Asia, Europe and other countries
Asia Europe Other countries
Years Spending in million (£) Spending in million (£) Spending in million (£)
2010 4562 19,383 8,775
2011 3502 19,101 8,798
2012 3900 20,018 8,631
2013 4100 21,256 9,355
(Source: Travel trends: 2013, 2016)
From the above presented illustrations, it is clearly observed that the spending limit of visitors
in year 2013 has significantly increased by 100 million pound as compared to 2012 (Travel trends:
2013, 2016). Superior world-wide connectivity, quality of life, wellbeing and education services are
the prime features which attracts visitors of UK. It has been observed that the total number of tourist

visiting Europe from UK in the year 2013 greater because growth of 7.5% is observed. However, in
other countries growth rate is 10% but in comparison to Europe the amount spent on tourism by UK
visitors is low. (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). The tourist expenditure of UK is less compared
to other continent such as Asia because of the economic stability that is maintained in Europe. The
countries of these continent expend more in renovating the tourist destinations so that more and
more tourist gets attracted towards the country. But on other hand UK is not able to primarily focus
on tourism business due to instability produced in the economic market of United Kingdom (Melis,
McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015). It shows that Asia might not getting huge income from UK
visitors because record of other countries are showing quite lesser than Europe. Hence, it reflects
that people of UK like to prefer Europe frequently.
From the above table of tourist expenditure, the following information has been evaluated:
 France – As per the analysis, it has been witnessed that the country has faced 83 million
visitors in 2014 which has enables them to earn more foreign income from the tourism
market. It is determined that France is the most visited country by tourists as the cited nation
is rich in culture and has the finest places to visit (France, the world’s leading tourist
destination, 2016).
 United Kingdom (UK) – UK is examined as the most preferred destination by the Asian
and European travellers. The factors that promotes and attracts the travellers to visit UK is
the pleasant atmosphere, wide range of tourist places and varieties of food items.
 Germany- Only change of 4% come in the tourist arrival that happened in the Germany. In
the Germany there is a pleasant atmosphere and varied sort of dishes are available in the
mentioned nation that are not prepares in other European nations. Apart from this, there are
many tourist places in the Germany which attract number of tourists in the nation.
 Italy – It is examined that Italy is extremely renowned for being as a tourist destination of
ancient art, love and food. Italy an essential and popular tourist destination in Europe which
is favourite among the honeymooners and all romantic souls (Melis, McCabe and Del
Chiappa, 2015).
 Spain – Spain is the third most travelled country in the world which faces more than 55
million tourists spending an average of $654 at every visit which gives them a greater form
of opportunities.
It can be observed that tourist expenditures are different in the Europe and Asian market by the
people of the UK. This is because cost of living is different in case of both continents. Hence, the
expenditure that is made by the people of UK in the Asia and European market is totally different

from each other. There is high degree of similarity in terms of expenditure that they made in visiting
nations of the Europe. This happened because to great extent there is a similarity in the culture of
the UK and other nations of the Europe. Culture of the UK and other Asian nations is different and
due to this reason people make different amount of expenditures in the varied nations of Asia.
1.2 Implications of differences of Tourist Arrivals and Tourist Receipts in countries
Table 2: International tourist receipts, 2014
Rank Country International
tourism receipts
US$(2014)
International
tourism receipts
US$(2013)
Change (2013 to
2014 (%)
1 United States 177.2 billion 172.9 billion 2.5
2 Spain 65.2 billion 62.6 billion 4.2
3 China 56.9 billion 51.7 billion 10.2
4 France 55.4 billion 56.7 billion -2.3
5 Macao 50.8 billion 51.8 billion -1.9
6 Italy 45.5 billion 43.9 billion 3.7
7 United Kingdom 45.3 billion 41.0 billion 10.3
8 Germany 43.3 billion 41.3 billion 5
9 Thailand 38.4 billion 41.8 billion -8.0
10 Hong Kong 38.4 billion 38.9 billion -1.4
The comparison drawn from the above statistical data states that revenue generation due to
international tourism gradually increased from 41.0 billion to 45.3 billion in 2014. On the lateral
side it can be seen that Turkey (39.8 million), France (55.4 billion) and Mexico (29.1 million) also
had a larger number tourist receipt received in the following year. A decrease in number of
international tourism receipt was noticed in Thailand (38.4 billion) and Hong Kong (32 million) as
compared to receipts received in 2013. From the above conclusion, it can be stated that generation
of receipts on international tourism has tremendously increased in UK in the year 2014 as with a
decline in Thailand and Hongkong tourism industry. Hence, it can be said that UK was found to be
successful in attracting large number of tourist all over the world (Pan, 2015). There is a gradual
increase in the international tourism receipt of United States when it is compared to United
Kingdom. This is due to the reason that US is more efficient in accommodating various tourist
which arrive from different countries. But on other hand as UK is not able to maintain a proper
coordination between all the tourism business sectors there have been decline in international
tourism receipt produced in United Kingdom. This has also produced a negative impact on travel
and tourism sector in the country. A total of 5% change has been noticed from 2013 to 2014 in UK.

If, UK wants to increase the international tourism receipts than it needs to develop proper
coordination between all the tourism sectors of the country.
(b) Statistical analysis of tourism destination trends over the last ten years and prediction of future
trends of UK
Tourism destination trends of UK over last ten years:
Year Number of
Visits (m) Spend £(bn)
Average
spend per
visit
Average
nights per
visit
International
balance of payments
£ (bn)
2003 24.715 £11.855 £480 8.2 -£16.697
2004 27.755 £13.047 £470 8.2 -£17.238
2005 29.97 £14.248 £475 8.3 -£17.906
2006 32.713 £16.002 £489 8.4 -£18.409
2007 32.778 £15.960 £487 7.7 -£19.053
2008 31.888 £16.323 £512 7.7 -£20.515
2009 29.889 £16.592 £555 7.7 -£15.102
Illustration 1: Tourist Arrivals and Tourist Receipts in countries

2010 29.803 £16.899 £567 7.6 -£14.921
2011 30.798 £17.998 £584 7.6 -£13.703
2012 31.084 £18.640 £600 7.4 -£13.810
2013 32.692 £21.258 £650 7.5 -£13.252
2014 34.377 £21.849 £636 7.7 -£13.688
Examination and scrutiny of statistical information on tourist destination trends of previous
ten years of UK have revealed that number of tourist in recent times have increased in UK
(Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). It is also noticed that in the year 2009 and 2010, visitors had a
negative impact on prevailing issues of different cultures and religious reforms which led to decline
in the number of visitors in these years (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015). Decrease in
quantity of visitors also affects various other tourism aspects like total expenditure on visitors,
country's international records of balance and payments which further affects the commercial aspect
of UK (Pastor, 2014). But, in the year 2011, government department of UK was successful in
investing a larger amount of its capital on tourism industries to attract more numbers of visitors that
year. It has resulted in increment of tourist number from 29.803 to 30.798 million. Normal
expenditure for an individual has increased from 480 pound to 636 pound in last decade. This
investment plays very crucial function in improvement of nation in various aspects such as
economic, social physical and political ways. Thus, UK has utilized wonderful ways of enhancing
tourism over last ten years (Pan, 2015).
Prediction of future trends as per the data of past ten years:
Illustration 2: Tourism destination trends over the last ten years

Figure 3: Prediction of trends of the number of visitors in future ten years in UK
Figure 4: Prediction of trends of the spending of visitors in future ten years in UK
The above table clearly shows the total expenditure of visitors coming in next ten years in
UK (Németh, 2016). It can be foreseen that every year the number of visitors visiting UK will
increase exponentially with better development and maintenance of various tourist destinations in
UK. With the increase in spending of an individual visitor, there will be overall increase in total
sending on tourism industries in next decade. From all the above predictions, it can be concluded
that UK will be the most popular visiting tourist destination in the entire world in upcoming ten
years (Pan, 2015). In upcoming ten years the number of tourist in UK will gradually rise because
the government is certainly decreasing the fares and costs of visiting various destinations in UK.
Further it will also provide different facilities according to the comfort of tourists so that they are
able to enjoy their visit in UK. Further it has also been noticed that spending in UK will increase in
upcoming ten years due to better development and maintenance. This will automatically increase

the total expenditure of tourism business in UK.
TASK 2
2.1 Analysis of cultural, social and physical features of three tourist destinations
Often-times, it is required to examine tourist destinations in terms of cultural, social and
physical aspects. The following contrasting table will help in determining different tourist
attractions all over world:
Tourist Destination United Kingdom France China
Cultural As UK is well-known
for its ethnic
foundations, this
feature helps in
attracting various
tourists from all over
the world. Different
museums, libraries
other historical
monuments and
structures are included
in tourist destinations
(Melis, McCabe and
Del Chiappa, 2015).
The natural history
museums of British is
one of the famous
attraction points which
is known for preserving
old collections and
antiques. Other UK
hotspots include Big
Ben Buckingham
Palace. Rich and
flourished cultural
heritage can also be
found in London city
France is famous for
organizing various
cultural events which
includes Lemon fest,
Cruzo air bag events
and many more.
Presence of Eiffel
tower of Paris, Le
Mont-Saint-Michel and
other battlefields
contribute in enhancing
cultural inheritance of
France. French cuisines
are also famous
worldwide which is
enjoyed by tourist
visiting France
(Kastenholz, Davis and
Paul, 2015).
With overall of 5 ethnic
groups in China, this
has vast culture and
tradition that is
accepted by all the
individuals in China
(Gnoth, 2015).
Classical Chinese is the
standard ancient
language that is used in
China since time
immemorial.

and Wales.
Social Presence of social
culture and heritage can
clearly be noticed in
UK. Different
characteristics which
enhance its social
culture are business,
income, wealth as well
as educational
activities.
Social culture and
customs of France
includes various
community gatherings
on different occasions.
French citizens use sub
titles and titles to
address different
people in their
community. The
custom of kissing
initially originated in
France.
There are many
customs and
celebrations that are
followed by China
throughout the country.
The most important
festival in China is
Spring festival which is
celebrated to mark the
start of Lunar New Year
in the country (Németh,
2016).
Physical Physical appearance of
UK includes different
water lakes, island,
abundant areas with
greenery and many
other palaces. The
presence of Ben Nevis
island in UK has been
attracting tourist
worldwide since
centuries. On other
hand, the existence of
different botanical
gardens and parks also
enhances the physical
beauty of UK.
The physical beauty of
France is flourished
with Rhine river which
draws a boundary
between France and
Germany (Németh,
2016). Apart from this
river, there is a
presence of high
Pyrenees mountain
ranges starting from
European borders
which separates the
Iberian peninsula from
rest of the Europe
(Melis, McCabe and
Del Chiappa, 2015).
There are many tourist
destinations in China
which can be explored
by visitors from
different countries of
the world (Pan, 2015).
The Great wall of
China is one of the
symbolic icons of the
country which is the
longest wall of the
world. The Terracotta
Army in Xi'an is also
one of the most ancient
archaeological sites in
world which accounts
for World cultural
heritage.

2.2 Explanation about the most important elements that make up the appeal of each of the three
destinations
Appealing features of UK and France
 Culture of UK: The prevailing culture and tradition of UK is one of the most significant
features which attract tourists from all over the world. Presence of various historical and
ancient monuments, museums and exhibitions enhances beauty of UK in various aspects.
The UK event management teams organize various cultural events and activities for tourist
visiting UK (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). Various museums such as Albert and
Victoria museums plays a key role in attracting large number of tourists throughout the year.
The major shopping destinations of UK includes H&M street, Dorothy Perkins shop and
Westfield province of London. Other National Galleries and British museums also
contribute in enhancing and flourishing different traditions of United Kingdom (Pan, 2015).
Apart from this, cultural features of France consists of greatest mediaeval catherdrals and
the palaces of Popes. It is considered as the one of the finest late palaces of mediaeval in
Europe. Not only this, but Romanesque sculpture as Conques and Sainte Foy are considered
utmost in cultural tourism. It proves to be effective to increase overall rate of return. Apart
from this, some of the greatest names such as Chopin, Hugo and Voltaire contributed
towards building good culture of the location and accordingly large number of visitors are
attracted.
 Geographical element of France (Physical features): There are different countries included
in the UK such as England, Northern Ireland and Wales as well as Scotland. It facilitates to
present beauty of nation in front of visitors in an effectual manner. However, UK is spread
across the 94.58 square miles. Accordingly Scotland is considered as the famous bump in
UK due to mountain of Ben Nevis which is at peak of 1344 metres above sea level. T the
same time, plenty of interesting physical features are associated with landscape of Scotland
also. It proves to be effective for attracting more and more buyers or visitors towards UK.
Various physical features play an important role in attracting tourist to a particular
destination. France natural beauty appeals tourist to a greater extent due to the presence of
wide varieties of islands, rivers, mountains beaches, landscapes, flatbeds and forests. Rhine
River, Mountains of Pyrenees in Europe, the famous island of Corsica and different
landscape at Normandy are some of the major tourist attractions (Gnoth, 2015). France is
also enriched with the production of various ores and minerals like coal, iron, bauxite,
uranium, aluminium, gypsum, calcium salts, bismuth due to the presence of various
underground mines and extraction industries. Alps Mountain is also one of the destinations

which appeals tourist at a greater rate (Pan, 2015).
 Social features of UK and France: The social features of France depicts that people of
nation are quite formal and they like discipline to a great extent. Owing to this, people
generally follow the set procedures related to social or personal as well as professional life.
Furthermore, Catholicism is the predominant religion which is major adopted in France.
Apart from this, very open culture is adopted in nation and no any kind of sex discrimination
is entertained. Similarly, social features of UK reflects that all people in nation are having
right to live freely. It can be critically evaluated that issue of poverty make it possible to
treat all community people equally. This is because somewhere people are very rich and
those who belong to rural areas are poor. However, total several social classes are there in
UK which include Elite, Technical middle class and Established middle class as well as new
affluent workers etc.
(b) Comparison of the features of selected tourist destinations with developing tourist destinations.
Factors United Kingdom Nepal France
Physical UK is regarded as
one of the most
captivating tourist
destinations of the
world. Leading
tourist attractions
are tower of
London, Castle of
Windsor, British
national museums,
Big Ben palace and
London Eye
(Pastor, 2014).
In recent times,
Nepal has been
emerged as one of
the finest tourist
destinations
preferred by tourist
all over the world
(Németh, 2016).
Major attraction
sites are Kathmandu
Durbar square, Kala
Patthar,
Pashupatinath
temple and other
mountaineering
ranges and plateau.
France natural
beauty appeals
tourist to a greater
extent due to the
presence of wide
varieties of islands,
rivers, mountains
beaches, landscapes,
flatbeds and forests.
Rhine River,
Mountains of
Pyrenees in Europe,
the famous island of
Corsica and
different landscape
at Normandy are
some of the major
tourist attractions
(Gnoth, 2015).
France is also

enriched with the
production of
various ores and
minerals like coal,
iron, bauxite,
uranium,
aluminium, gypsum,
calcium salts,
bismuth due to the
presence of various
underground mines
and extraction
industries. Alps
Mountain is also
one of the
destinations which
appeals tourist at a
greater rate (Pan,
2015).
It covers approx.
250000 square km
of geographical
area with over a
population of 64
million. The other
areas which covers
entire UK are
Atlantic Ocean,
various underlying
seas and English
Channel
(Kastenholz, Davis
and Paul, 2015).
Nepal is surrounded
with an approx. area
of 150,000 square
km with a worldly
population of 28
million.
UK is recorded as It ranks on 112th

the sixth most
famous
destinations of all
time in the world.
It attracted a total
of 33 million
tourists in 2014
(Gnoth, 2015).
position of
international
tourism in the
world.
Total number of
tourist who visited
Nepal in the year
2014 is more than
590,000 (Pan,
2015).
Social Social life of UK is
quite better than
Nepal where
people are offered
freedom a lot. It
facilitates to attract
large number of
visitors. For
example, tower
hamlet is good
location for
generating revenue
but less stability in
environment is the
crucial issue.
The social tourism
of is great because
of its countless
natural wonders and
exhilarating tourism
products. It attracts
more and more
buyers where they
want to get access
with regard to
habitats, celebrates
and wildlife.
The social features
of France depicts
that people of nation
are quite formal and
they like discipline
to a great extent.
Owing to this,
people generally
follow the set
procedures related
to social or personal
as well as
professional life.
Furthermore,
Catholicism is the
predominant
religion which is
major adopted in
France. Apart from
this, very open
culture is adopted in
nation and no any
kind of sex
discrimination is

entertained.
Cultural Number of cultural
and natural
heritage of country
facilitates to grab
attention of
tourists. Cultural
evolution, new
innovation and
classical heritage
makes England the
most exciting and
diverse place for
visitors. Here,
London,
Manchester as well
as other less known
places like
Newcastle and
Sailbury also aid to
offer rich
experience to
visitors.
Nepal is very rich in
cultural beauty
because of inclusion
of number of
religious cities. For
this purpose,
Buddhism is the
largest minority in
the religion and
accordingly
pilgrimage site and
the monkey temple
are good attraction
of visitors.
Apart from this,
cultural features of
France consists of
greatest mediaeval
catherdrals and the
palaces of Popes. It
is considered as the
one of the finest late
palaces of
mediaeval in
Europe. Not only
this, but
Romanesque
sculpture as
Conques and Sainte
Foy are considered
utmost in cultural
tourism. It proves to
be effective to
increase overall rate
of return. Apart
from this, some of
the greatest names
such as Chopin,
Hugo and Voltaire
contributed towards
building good
culture of the
location and
accordingly large
number of visitors
are attracted.

TASK 3
3.1 Comparison of the appeal of current leading tourist destination UK with currently developing
destinations Nepal
There are number of tourist attraction in UK and Nepal which attract large number of
visitors per year. For this purpose, tourist sector of UK uses number of strategies for increasing
attention of visitors. In this regard, latest technology like social media are used and by using the
same visitors are offered variety of tourism packages. However, Plogs' typology tourist model can
be applied to compare the appeal of current leading tourist destination as UK with currently
developing destination Nepal. Here, Plog suggested that tourists are classified in accordance with
their preferences that what kind of holiday package they choose on the basis of location. The first
type of tourist is of Allocentric under which visitors like travel independently for seeking
adventurous experience from purchased holiday package. UK tourism sector focuses upon
providing the same kind of destinations. Mid-centric is the second type of tourist under which
known destinations are selected by tourists. Third type of tourist destination is pscholecentric which
focuses selection of home environment. At this juncture UK and France can offered mass tourist
locations then Nepal and Uzbekistan. This proves to be effective for increasing overall rate of return
of UK, France and USA economy relative to the mentioned Asian nations. Basically tour operators
of country are focused to increase customer base by offering them satisfaction services. This is
because with effective integration of hotels, travel agency and tour operation so as to meet
expectations of visitors effectively. On the other hand, appeal of current leading tourist destination
of Nepal is always unique because of its innumerable natural, cultural and never-to-be found
elsewhere features on earth (Cities of culture: England's metropolises offer a host of extraordinary
treats, 2016). It can be critically evaluated that policy makers create little barriers in the growth of
sector otherwise it always considers as the most attractive place for visitors of world. However,
government of the UK, USA and France are broadly focusing on developing there tourist
destinations in comparison to Nepal, Uzbekistan and Burma. Furthermore, appeal of promoting
community-based socio-environmentally friendly tourism is another most effective aspect under
which country put effort to increase scope of particular destinations. Apart from this, focus has also
been laid on quality tourism through which other safety issues taking place in Nepal can be sorted
out for visitors. In the mentioned European nations and US there is high level of safety that is
available to the tourists in comparison to Burma, Nepal and Uzbekistan. This is the reason due to
which large number of people like to visit US, UK and France in comparison to Burma, Nepal and
Uzbekistan. US, UK and France are doing branding of their tourist destinations in better way than
to Burma, Nepal and Uzbekistan. UK focuses upon marketing activities a lot and in result attracted
34.777 million visitors in 2014. Under this, tourism sector is focusing on emotional aspect and in

the same manner visitors are attracted. Therefore, both tourist attractions are putting efforts to offer
quality services for their higher level of satisfaction and higher rate of return.
(b) Characteristics of tourist destination and evaluation of effects of these characteristics on appeal
of the tourist destination. Economic characteristics of UK: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has measured the economy
of UK as worlds 6th leading economy in 2015. The union of Europe and other economic
development organizations have recognized UK as a strong economic associate around the
world. Due to strong economy and development, the tourism industries in UK have flourished
in recent time (Németh, 2016). It encourages the UK government to invest more in tourism
business which plays a key role in drawing attentions of various tourists towards UK. But in the
year 2008, due to lack of various economic resources and capitals, UK suffered severe
commercial and economic crises which had a drastic impact on the entire tourism business
which decreased the gross economic position of the country (Pastor, 2014). It is the main
responsibility of European Union to guarantee independent mobility of various commodities,
people and other services within different states of UK. It is ranked 20th with largest numbers of
labours employs which constitutes 32 million individuals. Contrary to this, it has been noticed
that the percentage of unemployment prevailing in UK is about 9%. This ratio of
unemployment develops a low economic ranking of UK in the world thereby affecting visitors
around the world. Hence, it is necessary for a country to develop economically to ensure better
tourism facilities (Gnoth, 2015). For example, inflation affect purchasing power of buyers and
they prefer to save money instead of purchasing holiday packages. Therefore, economic
characteristics must be considered while setting pricing strategies through which buyers get
motivation for purchasing holiday package. Apart from this, locations like France and China or
Nepal may have changing economic situations and accordingly prices are set for holiday
package. It affects purchase decision of visitors so the same should be considered by travel
sector of nation in order to provide convenience to visitors. Physical characteristics of UK: The physical geography of the UK with varied infrastructures
and designs constructed by using advanced technologies that plays an important role in
attracting tourist at international level. The most attractive physical beauties of UK include high
mountain peaks, low land terrains in North West part of London, freshwater lakes and beaches.
All these geographic attributes are responsible for enhancing growth in tourism industry every
year. Other different adventurous sites include Hatfield house, Maidstone Horton Road, Ashley
Heath club, Ringwood Medway Valley Leisure Park Oxen Park Lane which attracts tourist and
children throughout the world (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015). With the advancement

in transport and communication techniques, UK has developed strong transportation service
which helps tourist to visit different destinations in span of less time with ease and comfort.
But, on other hand, it also has various disadvantages because some visiting sites are located in
outskirts of UK which makes transport system impossible to reach those places. For instance,
safety issues can also affect tourism to a great extent because visitors will less prefer to visit
such kind of areas. Due to advancement in technology and better economic conditions, UK
renders all the basic amenities so that both international and national tourists are satisfied.
Geographical features of UK have an overall negative as well as positive consequences on
tourist visiting UK (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). On the other hand , other tourist
destination such as Nepal and France affected because of flood situation and earthquake which
threaten visitors to a great extent. Owing to this, tourists might not plan to visit the place until
they feel safe in the respective countries. Social characteristics of UK: The social position of the United Kingdom has historically been
highly influenced by the concept of social class, with the concept still affecting British society
in the early 21st century As a result of economic enhancement and growth, the percentage of
people below the poverty line has drastically decreased in recent years. According to data
evaluated in 2015, 97 percent of the population is employed in UK and citizens are surviving
above the poverty standards of the country (Németh, 2016). This has shown a positive impact
on different types of visitors around the world. With the increment in employment rate,
government has also adopted various strategies to increase literacy rates across the nation
(Pastor, 2014). A larger percentage of people being literate play a significant role in enhancing
social and economic development. Overall, an optimistic impact on visitors due to social
features have been noticed (Gnoth, 2015). For example, social tourism is also being developed
by country in the form of offering family holiday package in affordable price. This proves to be
effective to increase sales turnover of sector and increase consumer base to a great extent. It
can be critically evaluated, introduction of rigid VISA policy or other strict policies might
affect social aspect of tourism in UK (Social tourism, 2016). Apart from this, Nepal is rich in
cultural context so in-spite of natural disaster it focuses upon maintaining the same. It aids to
increase number of visitors and catering their requirement in an effectual manner. However,
social features of France are very good which tends to provide safety among large number of
visitors and accordingly interest is generated among them to gain in-depth knowledge.
 Political characteristics of UK: The UK government and its officials have developed various
rules and regulations to enhance more number of worldwide tourists every year. As UK is the
member of union of Europe all the associate country representatives of European Union has the
authorities to visit all the nations independently. According to policy of UK government in

2011, different plans have been executed for inviting and attracting visitors around the world
(Pan, 2015). On the other hand, political instability may affect tourism sector of country
because of changing rules and regulations. For example, issue related to security to the public
can be occurred in case of political instability. Owing to this, issues related to terrorist etc has
direct impact of number of customer arrive in city. Apart from this, political situation of
London is stable which makes it safest place for all the tourists. Furthermore, political
instability in locations like Nepal and France may affect tourist appeal by changing the external
factors. This should be considered by tourist destination and appropriate strategies should
adopted for providing safety and security to visitors.
TASK 4
The occurrence of natural and man-made calamities reduces the increasing profit on tourism,
societies and people in the disaster-affected areas. The following points will explain the
consequences of different disasters on tourism, tourist destinations and the citizens who reside in
those disaster-prone areas:
4.1a Effects of April 2015 earthquake in Nepal
 It causes decline in the number of tourists visiting that particular area. It develops a negative
impact in the eyes of tourists all over the world. That particular tourist destination becomes
more unsafe and dangerous; therefore making tourists scared of the destination (Kastenholz,
Davis and Paul, 2015). Nagarkot hiking, mountaineering point and paragliding destinations
of Bokhara in Nepal had major impact on travel and tourism business after Nepal was hit by
earthquake in 2015. This decreased the money being spent in the particular area due to lack
of visitors.
 Nepal earthquake in 2015 naturally damaged that area. It destroyed valuable properties,
various tourist destinations and infrastructures, which cost millions of dollars to recover and
reconstruct (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015).
4.1b Effects of Terrorism: July 2015 Tunisian beach terror attack
 Airline-related business is highly affected by different terrorist activities taking place world-
wide. It further affects hotels, restaurants and various tourist visiting spots.
 Tourism industry at Tunisia was adversely affected by beach terror attack in 2015. It almost
decreased up to 50 percent of tourist visiting Tunisia after the particular attack (Melis, McCabe
and Del Chiappa, 2015)..
 The Islamism mass shooting beach terror attack in Tunisia in 2015 has increased expenditure
on border, militaries and airport security which in turn raises the passenger flight fares (Gnoth,
2015).
 Many of visitors started to leave the place because of the fear of attack. It afraid them a lot and

accordingly direct impact on tourism industry of country can be observed.
 Tunisian beach terror attack afraid 3500 British tourists because of repeat attack. However, they
might not prefer the visit such kind of place and will might not recommend regarding the same
to their known (Tourists flee Tunisia after resort attack, 2016).
 The issues affected entire tourism sector due to emergency of severe issue related to safety and
security of tourists. It is because tourists never like to visits such kind of place where safety
issues are prevailing.
 The cost of insurance and re-insurance automatically increases due to such activities as private
sectors do not take any responsibilities of terror attack happening world-wide.
4.1 c Effect of World disease: February 2015 outbreak of swine flu in India
 The outbreak of swine flu in India had critical affected tourism and tourist destinations across
the country.
 The eruption of swine flu majorly affected areas of Maharashtra and Rajasthan, which attracts
45 percent of tourist from all over the world during winter season.
 The number of tourist visiting Jaipur, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Amritsar, Jaywalker and other
locations in western state drastically reduced to 30 percent which constituted a total of 8 lakh
visitors from around the world.
 Rajasthan and Maharashtra tourism suffered a loss of 5,500 crore on tourism industry due to
swine flu in India.
 People are afraid of travelling and visiting to such destinations, which has been affected by
various diseases as it can result in spreading more rapidly through various vectors.
4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community in the above three issues
The image of responsible tourism is the greatest way to gain trust of visitors. The
aforementioned aspect are showing that all three countries suffering from issues related to health
and safety or security aspect. For example, Nepal is putting efforts to provide quality tourism at
affordable price. This is because, reduction in natural disaster is not fully possible but still research
and development activities are implemented. With the help of research forecasting is done and
accordingly information is provided to visitors for providing them safety. However, tourist centers
are established through which tourists can effectively get detail information related to attractive
locations. However, India is working upon improving health practices in order to reduce such kind
of infectious diseases. For this purpose, healthcare sector is getting proper assistance from
government so that such kind of communication diseases can be stopped within short time span. In
addition to this, issue related to Tunisian beach terror attack is resolved with the help of strict
policies and regulations. Not only this but, Tunisia focuses upon safe tourism by supporting visitors

to a great extent. At the same time, new projects related to ecotourism is also offered with coaching
and implementation of effective procedures. Apart from this, after the attack huge money was
invested in the security and cost cutting policies through which visitors can fee safe with reasonable
offer. Similarly, sustainable development goal was taken on priority which aids to ensure well being
of society. Moreover, Nepal tries to redirect tourists with other safe regions in order to ensure their
safety as well as security from the issue of earthquake and other natural disaster. Hereby,
government can implement different kind of regulations wherein visitors feel more safe and
accordingly they can prefer the visit that city. However, at the same time, marketing has been done
in such manner where tour operator provide assurance to visitors that their safety issues will be kept
on priority. However, at the same time, pricing strategies are revised for attracting more buyers. Not
only this, but information related to safety aspect is also offered for tourists in order to remove their
fear to a great extent.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that different tourist destinations have their own social, cultural, economic
and physical factors. UK is one of the popular tourist destinations where people like to visit due to
its attractive social and cultural life along with the geographical locations. The number of visitors
has been increased in the UK since last ten years, which results to give a huge growth to the travel
and tourism industry of UK. This growth and success helps in the effective development of the
nation. Government of UK is continuously investing on tourist destinations for promoting them and
for inviting more people to visit. The number of tourist is more in UK as compared to the Mexico
but less as compare to the China. If talk about the popularity, then UK is more popular as compared
to Nepal and the climate of Nepal changes frequently as compare to the UK. Tourist destinations are
facing various problems such as natural disasters, terrorism, various kinds of diseases, etc. which
are affecting the popularity and rate of visitors. Countries need to apply responsible approach for
the improvement of tourist destinations. This will help in solving the issues, which tourist locations
are facing.

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