Chicken Pox: Structure, Pathogenicity, Diagnosis and Treatment

CHICKEN POX
Varicella is well known virus for chicken pox and this infectious disease is very much famous
with the name of varicella in many countries. Outbreak of varicella in year 2015-2017 in US. It
was quite common in school going children and persons who were not vaccine, 49 jurisdiction
and 89 outbreak s which total to 1030 cases were noticed (Lopez, Leung, & Marin, 2017).
According to the study of the outbreak, mild cases were noticed in patients who were vaccine
(<50lesions) and there was no need of any hospitalization. Lesions remain significant among 1-
vs 2-dose vaccines (Lopez, Leung, & Marin, 2017). Surveillance is continued with the second
dose for breaking of the outbreak of disease.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VARICELLA
Structure of virus is very small whose target is always to attack human cell to replicate
themselves. It comes from family of herpes zoster family. There classification is always done on
their morphological, physical and chemical properties. Core, capsid, tegument and envelop are

the four main parts of the VZN .Outer covering is envelop which is made up of lipid bilayer with
glycoprotein which binds with cell receptors of host cell (Mohsen & McKendrick, 2003). Next to
the developed envelop, there is tegument which is composed of viral proteins. Then it contains
nucleocapsid which stores the items of the capsule. Core is tucked within nucleocapsid on which
lifeline of virus depends. Treatment is typically based on symptoms of the patient, which
includes rashes on skin, direct fluorescent antibody, smear, and amniocentesis.
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PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULANCE
The varicella zoster virus is transmitted through inhaling of infected secretions or contact with
infected parts of the skin. This means that the virus is mostly spread through coughing and
sneezing while people are infected through inhaling the pathogens (Zerboni, Sen, Oliver, &
Arvin, 2014). Once the viral with the contaminated droplets enter the airborne, the incubation
period is it takes an incubation period of 10-21 days where the virus spreads into the lymphatic
nodes, lungs or the liver. As the virus progresses in the incubation period it enters the skin
through CD4+ and CD8+ T cells leading to secondary viremia. Once the incubation has reached
its full stage, small skin vesicles with pus and infected skin particles are pushed to the skin
surface which are called pox of chicken pox. The virulence of the disease varies from individual
to individual, some people few spots on parts of their body while others get spots all over their
body (Kadri, Saleem-ur-Rehman, Rehana, & Gergianaki, 2017). The disease is not lethal since
most people recover by resting and the normal duration for the disease is 10-14 days. The disease
is mostly contagious during the first 2-5 days.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO DETECT INCIDENCE OF THE CAUSATIVE
MICROORGANISM AND IMMUNITY RESPONSE OF THE BODY