child labour ib supply and chains

Child labour in supply
and chains
Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Discussion on argument Child labour is better than living in poverty...................................1
Discussion effect of child labour on economic conditions of families and long term effect of
child labour on families..........................................................................................................2
Social, economic, mental and physical effects of child labour..............................................3
RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................6
Books and Journals.................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Child labour is defined as the work which strips childhood away from children all over
the globe (Ali, 2019). Child labour is significant threat to physical and mental development
children. This report includes discussion about various factors related to this exploitative practice
in context of global supply chain and discusses effect of child laboured on their families. Social,
economic, mental and physical impact of child labour is also discussed in this report. This report
looks at various arguments in favour and against of child labour. The present report is focused on
arguments in against of child labour in global supply chains an looks at arguments discussing
positive and negative effects of child labour to determine strength to arguments against of child
labour.
MAIN BODY
Discussion on argument Child labour is better than living in poverty
Child labour is an exploitative practice which hinders continuous educational, nutritional,
mental growth of children (Boris and Yetunde, 2019). Children engaged in various forms of
child labour are forced into this exploitative practice by families suffering from extreme poverty.
Child labour helps families move out of extreme poverty is a widely largely accepted argument.
This argument supports child labour on the basis that it is essential for economic development of
families and is appropriate if children are provided safe working conditions (Swepston, 2017).
This argument is not effective as child labour is one of the factors which keeps families engaged
in child labour poor (Chen and Kitsis, 2017). Child labourers are easy to exploit and are hired as
low wage labourers in dangerous working environment in global supply chain. The reason
behind easy exploitation is because of child labourer is that such children come from poverty
stricken families and are sent to work by their parents to seek minimum wage employment or
sold for little money. In addition to this, inadequate legislation related to minimum wage of
adolescent workers enable firms to hire labourers at exploitative wages (Dolan and Frost, 2017).
This hinders their educational growth and is harmful to their physical growth. These children
grow up to be part of low paying jobs which reduces their ability to provide education to their
children (Chatterjee and Ray, 2019). Thus, such families face generational poverty by engaging
their children in child labour and stopping them from reaching their highest potential by stripping
away their education.
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Child labour also contributes in perpetuating poverty on a global scale. As child labourers
are hired in global supply chain at extremely low wages, adults which cannot be exploited easily
face unemployment (Cramer, 2017). This reduces average income gained by adult labourers and
impacts economic conditions of adult labourers all over the world. In this way child labour not
only sustains poverty in families engaged in child labour but also increases poverty and
unemployment internationally (Sahoo, 2021).
The contradictory argument for this claim is that child labour increases household income
in poverty stricken families. Thus helps the family survive for a longer time and manage
financial needs effectively as all members of the household are of productive use. This includes
children seeking job from outside sources or children working domestically to assist their
caretakers. (Bellace, 2018).
After considering both of these arguments on impact of child labour on the economy it is
analysed that child labour does promote short term economic growth of low income families.
However this statement does not rectify the negative impact of child labour on global economy
and it’s consequences on employment and labour market. The impact of child labour on
employment rates has far more impactful consequences on global economy which also
negatively affects the families engaged in child labour. Therefore opposing argument to negative
economic impact child labour is baseless upon analysis.
Discussion effect of child labour on economic conditions of families and long term effect of
child labour on families
Children engaged in child labour have to work in extremely dangerous and unhygienic
conditions and receive low remuneration for their daily jobs. Child labourers usually gain non-
monetary compensation for their work such as access to shelter or daily food instead of any
monetary compensation. This is most common in child domestic work (Child labour and
domestic work, 2021) . In addition to this child labourers face dangers of domestic abuse, physical
or sexual exploitation while working away from their families. The economic conditions of
families engaged in child labour is not improved from long term point of view. This is because
child labourers work in exploitative conditions after they reach their adulthood and these
exploitative practices are transferred to their children. This creates a situation where poor
economic conditions are transferred from one generation to the next and children with potential
to develop economically, socially and physically lose their potential to child (Dimitrova, 2018).
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Another long term effect of child labour is that such children face malnutrition due to the lack of
healthy food given to them during their childhood. These children suffer from various mental
and physical health conditions in their later life. This not only burdens their family with health
expenditure but stops them from securing regular jobs in non-exploitative conditions due to their
ill health. This continues the cycle of exploration and oppression throughout the life of child
labour. Child labour may lead to limited improvement in financial conditions of families of child
labourer's early in their career but such families are continuously exploited throughout their life.
Social, economic, mental and physical effects of child labour
The primary social effect of child labour on children is that it hinders their social
development as they are not able to enjoy their childhood and build relation or friendships with
children of same age. They have to work in exploitative conditions which stops them from
learning social behaviour and adapting in society. Child labour affects society as it creates
inequality and discrimination. Children from marginalised groups are more likely to be part of
child labour which further cultivates discrimination.
The economical impact of child labour is that tit sustains poverty in communities
engaged in child labourers. Child labourers do not gain any growth opportunity during their
lifetimes and are unable to provide education or nutrition to their children required for their
development which leads to generational transfer of poverty (Nolan and Bott, 2018). Child
labour allows business firms to hire children at low wages which creates unemployment for adult
labourers which worsens economic conditions of an area. Apart from this business firms are able
to create profitability by hiring child labourers at low wages which widens the gap of income
inequality between the rich and the poor.
Child labour has adverse impact physical and mental well-being of child labourers. Lack
of nutrition and mental exploitation of child labourers leads to these labourers facing various
mental and physical illnesses throughout their lives (Wu and et. al., 2017). As child labourers
work in hazardous conditions, they are often part of life threatening accidents which give them
untreatable physical or mental disabilities for life.
RECOMMENDATION
 One of the most effective way to stop child labour is to provide affordable and quality
education to each child.
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 It is essential to implement strict laws against child labour on a global scale in order to
deal with this situation.
 Starting awareness campaigns which tell people about dangers of child labour so that
they shop from ethical firms.
 Implementing laws which ensure firms to create transparent supply chain so cases of
child labour can be detected and removed easily.
 Providing financial help to families in extreme poverty so that they don not engage in
child labour .
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CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that the exploitative practice of child labour may
seem to enhance financial conditions of child labourer's family but in long term is harmful for
the growth of the labourer and their family. The family of the child labourer lives in an
oppressive state throughout their lives and poverty is transferred to the next generation of the
family.
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REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Ali, F. R. M., 2019. In the same boat, but not equals: The heterogeneous effects of parental
income on child labour. The Journal of Development Studies, 55(5). pp.845-858.
Bellace, J.R., 2018. Back to the future: workplace relations and labour law in the 21st century in
the Asia Pacific context. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 56(4). pp.433-449.
Boris, O. O. and Yetunde, E. A., 2019. Education as a tool for eradicating child trafficking in
the 21st century. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics, 8(12).
pp.73-84.
Chatterjee, B. and Ray, R., 2019. Economics of Child Labour. Springer.
Chen, I. J. and Kitsis, A. M., 2017. A research framework of sustainable supply chain
management. The International Journal of Logistics Management.
Cramer, J., 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation: an action plan for
business. Routledge.
Dimitrova, S., 2018. Unethical labour practices in MNEs' business worldwide. Izvestia Journal of
the Union of Scientists-Varna. Economic Sciences Series, 7(3). pp.231-242.
Dolan, P. and Frost, N. eds., 2017. The Routledge handbook of global child welfare. Taylor &
Francis.
Nolan, J. and Bott, G., 2018. Global supply chains and human rights: spotlight on forced labour
and modern slavery practices. Australian Journal of Human Rights, 24(1). pp.44-69.
Sahoo, B. P., 2021. A sociological study of patterns and determinants of child labour in
India. Journal of Children's Services.
Swepston, L., 2017. The International Labour Organization’s system of human rights
protection (pp. 91-109). Routledge
Wu and et. al., 2017. Supply chain models with corporate social responsibility. International
Journal of Production Research, 55(22). pp.6732-6759.
Online
Child labour and domestic work, 2021. [Online] Available through <
https://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Childdomesticlabour/lang--en/index.htm#:~:text=Some
%20of%20the%20most%20common,or%20degrading%20treatment%20including
%20physical>
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Cristian Nicolina
Part A Assessment Template: SMART Academic Goals for Semester 2 (Word Total: 200 words)
What did I learn? What went well? What could I have done
better?
What did I gain from the
experience
SMART Go
you include
and target d
I learnt that I must
think positive to stay
focused for my
academic
performance.
The teacher was very
informative about what
academic goals mean.
What I have could done
better approach learning
better and improve my
writing skills.
From this experience I have
gained an understanding about
the goals that I have to achieve.
My future
be open to n
Visualize a
Building a strong
network
The team of students
was very open minding
and gave their views of
the questions that the
teacher had asked us
Take the time to reach out.
listening to the advice and
tips of others.
Building a strong network has
taught me that building a
nurturing and long-term
relationships with people I have
met. Having a strong network
that I can rely on throughout my
career.
Take the ti
use the adv
Give and ta
This academic
assessment I was
surprized to
understand writing
styles may vary
according to
audience
Writing this assessment,
I have learned the I have
to change my writing
styles accordingly to my
audience
What I could have done
different in my next
assessment start as early as
possibly can.
I gained and understood my
writing styles accordingly to the
audience
My future g
Have diffe
people in m
Based on the information you provided in the template above write a 300-word reflective summary on the
development of your academic skills and what you understand is needed to be an effective university
student. Make sure you include reference to SMART goals you developed in response to the learning
experiences you describe above.
Please review the following resource to help you develop your response to the above question:
https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/as/libraryservices/library/asc/documents/public/Short-Guide-Reflective-
Writing.pdf
https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/uploads/production/document/path/1/1717/Reflective_Writing.pdf
https://libguides.bham.ac.uk/asc/reflectivewriting
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Academic Performance
Reflective summary
Name: Cristian Nicolina- Dorin
Student id :20003369
What I understand that makes me effective university
student, a positive attitude towards studying I most
demonstrate that I am ready to work hard, but not just for
the social life but will be able to cope with the workload
and thrive at the higher education and for me to achieve
a balance and performance I need a couple of elements
like ability, creativity, passion and perseverance in front
of the barriers that I m going to meet !
Things that go through my head:
What I need to do is knock out my negativity gremlins off
my shoulder ang i need to think positive and talk myself
though my work and the help of my teacher I will become
a good student , I ‘m already a good student but I still
need to improve to reach my goals and to finish my
courses with good grades.
I’m super excited to learn more about learning writing
skills with other classmates and my teacher and to build a
strong connection with my classmates and this will help
me to my future career path and this will help me to
boost student employability and I will be able to use this
as a reference for the future.
8

My future goals I need to stay positive and are to keep
focused and mind set be open to new ideas and
approach things differently and visualize a positive
outcome and I’m planning to open my own
business after I’m studying the market , I’m gonna
choose a memorable name and I’m will promoted
into the media and on of the steps is to bring
clients , make a marketing plan and explore ideas
for the small business.
Thank you very much 28.04.2021
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