Childhood Obesity in Hammersmith and Fulham: Determinants, Intervention and Stakeholder Engagement

This report analyses childhood obesity in Hammersmith and Fulham, its determinants, behavioural terms, needs to be changed, ways to intervene, designing of intervention along with including ethical consideration, stakeholder engagement, resources and inputs required.

Childhood Obesity in
Hammersmith and Fulham

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Describing the concept of childhood obesity in Hammersmith and Fulham...............................3
Determinants of childhood obesity..............................................................................................4
Describing the childhood obesity in behavioural terms..............................................................5
Analysing the needs that should be changed...............................................................................5
Identifying the ways to intervene, designing of intervention along with including ethical
consideration................................................................................................................................6
Stakeholder engagement, resources and inputs required.............................................................7
Evaluation measures....................................................................................................................9
Action plan.................................................................................................................................10
CONLUSION................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Obesity refers to the excessive gain of weight in people. Currently, this has become one
of the major public health issue in children. The ratio of obesity in children is increasing on a
high note. It has been increased up-to that extent where it has started impacting the physical and
mental health of the children as well (Lanigan, Tee and Brandreth, 2019). Obesity develops
another health issues in children and assures impact on the over-all health of the children. Thus,
this health issue needs to be taken in consideration so, the proper intervention and awareness can
be evaluated for children. The current study revolves around the analysation of childhood obesity
in Hammersmith and Fulham.
Also, the report will highlight the major determinants of the selected public health issue
and the issue will be described in the behavioural terms as well. The mandatory needs that are
needed to be change will be also mentioned in the report. Along with this, interventions will be
made within inclusion of ethical consideration. Moreover, stakeholders engagement will be
identified along with the resources and input that are required. The report will show the
evaluation measures as well. Lastly, action plan will be made in context of Obesity in children in
Hammersmith and Fulham.
MAIN BODY
Describing the concept of childhood obesity in Hammersmith and Fulham.
Childhood obesity is concerned with the situation in which the children have excessive
weight in their body. It has been found from various studies that, in Hammersmith and Fulham,
approx 37.6% of the children are facing the obesity as a health issue. Childhood obesity in
Hammersmith and Fulham is presenting the major challenges in the growth procedure of the
children London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham, 2018. It is creating the situation of poor
health ability in children. Also, it is impacting the mental well-being of the children as this leads
to generate the low self-esteem, anxiety and depression in the children (Caprio, Santoro and
Weiss, 2020). Thus, it has been clearly stated that, Childhood obesity in Hammersmith and
Fulham is impacting the mental and physical health f the children and often reducing their self-
esteem and hindering their growth procedure. Hence, it has become one of the serious health
issue in Hammersmith and Fulham. As the children are in their growing age and in this age if
they face such kind of issues then their further development gets impacted in negative manner.

Therefore, childhood obesity has become the complex cause of web and requires a systematic
approach that leads to tackle the situation in Hammersmith and Fulham.
Determinants of childhood obesity
Gaining of weight leads to create an imbalance among energy input and the energy
output. It is important to analyse the determinants that leads to create the imbalance of energy in
children within creating obesity There are various determinants of childhood obesity and those
are:
Diet- Food environment of the children plays vital role in deciding the health of children. Parents
are accountable for selecting the proper diet for kids. However, when children started growing
their preference is attracted towards the unhealthy food that contains the saturated fat, carbonated
beverages, refined carbohydrates and so on elements (Thomas, Round and Longlands, 2020).
Thus, this attributes contributes in the gain of weight in the children. The unhealthy diet of
children in Hammersmith and Fulham is one of the major determinant of childhood obesity.
Therefore, a keen focus is required to maintain over this so, the diet of the children can be review
in healthy manner.
Physical activity- The pattern of the activities has been shifted from the outdoor to indoor pattern
and this has become the vital issue at current. As the children are spending their most of the time
at home instead of playing at outdoor. As a result, the extent of physical activeness in children
has been reduced and this is impacting the health of the children and creating obesity in them.
Furthermore, children in Hammersmith and Fulham are spending their most of the time in using
Smart phones at the home and this is creating drastic effect in physical health of the children.
Thus, it has been considered as the determinant of obesity and needs to be tackle.
Socio-economic status- There is relationship exist among the weight gain in children and socio-
economic status. The children who are from poor families gets the poor diet on the other hand,
children that are from rich families are entitled to have junk food that contributes in their weight
gain. Findings shown that, in terms of socio-economic developing Hammersmith and Fulham has
been proven effective enough and this indicates that, most of the population at that place is from
the richer section (Liao and et.al., 2019). The children of the families are spending time in using
phone and eating unhealthy foods and facing the obesity.
Tradition and cultural belief- The people are concerned with the belief that derives from their
culture and that is, gaining of weight is baby fat that automatically go away when the child

grows. Also, the girls are entitled to perform household chores instead of playing at outdoor.
Thus, these beliefs are often considered as determinants of childhood obesity.
Secondary causes- This refers to the genetic disorder that contributes in childhood obesity.
Genetic diseases such as, monogenic or pleiotropic genetic syndromes are the rare causes that
generates childhood obesity (Freemark, 2018).
Describing the childhood obesity in behavioural terms
Healthy behaviour helps in shaping healthy lifestyle. It further impacts the health in
positive manner. Therefore, the behavioural pattern neds to be adopted in such manner that
indicates health effectiveness. However, in case of childhood obesity in Hammersmith and
Fulham, the unhealthy behaviour pattern of children is impacting their health and creating
obesity in them. Healthy behaviour is consists of the healthy eating and being physical active,
however, the children in Hammersmith and Fulham are not concerned with this healthy
behaviour and these are impacting their health. This has become the habit of the children and
often has changed into their behaviour (Freemark, 2018). In this manner, childhood obesity is
deriving from the behavioural pattern of the children that needs to be change. The another
example of behavioural term is the community environment.
The families have made their habit in terms of implementation of decision on the basis of
the environment that has been derived from the community. For example: In Hammersmith and
Fulham the children are mostly from the rich families & they are concerned with the family
environment in which vehicles have been preferred for covering up the small distance as well.
Thus, the walking attribute has been reduced by the family itself and child is following the
pattern and reducing the physical activities. This is how, the behavioural terms contributes in the
childhood obesity.
Analysing the needs that should be changed
The major element that are needed to be change in context of childhood obesity starts
with the behavioural pattern of the children. Behavioural pattern plays vital role in adopting the
activities on a regular basis and provides impact over the daily routine of the children. In
Hammersmith and Fulham the children are concerned with the behaviour of eating unhealthy
food that is leads to gain of weight for them (Spencer, 2018). Therefore, the major focus needs to
be made over this and this needs to be change. In the schools, the awareness regarding eating
healthy food needs to be discussed. So, the behavioural pattern of the children in relation of

eating unhealthy food can be change. Furthermore, the outdoor activities of children needs to be
increased so, the children can spend their most of the time in playing games. As a result, this
leads to increase the contribution of children in their physical activities. Moreover, the children
needs to be become more physically-active rather than being at home.
Parents must remove the stock of junk and unhealthy food from the house so, children do
not get attracted towards that. Also, one hour of physical activities for the children needs to be
set-up by the parents. It all needs to be start from family as the parents can create the healthy
environment for the children that leads to reduce childhood obesity. Long hour sitting of the
children needs to be change and more physical movements needs to be assured (Dabas and Seth,
2018). Often, the myth of the people in relation of obesity is a baby fat needs to be changed
frequently. The major focus needs to be shifted at the early years of child so, it does not create
excessive issues in-future.
Identifying the ways to intervene, designing of intervention along with including ethical
consideration
The major ways of intervene in context of childhood obesity is concerned with
decreasing of energy intake, increasing the physical activity, reducing the sedentary activities,
assessing family involvements and changing the behaviour pattern that is associated with the
unhealthy eating and less physical activities. All of these elements are considered as the ways of
intervention that can be used for childhood obesity in Hammersmith and Fulham. However, in
order to design the intervention for decreasing & solving childhood obesity the major focus
needs to be made over the attributes that are connected with the children in Hammersmith and
Fulham. Here is the intervention of childhood obesity along with the inclusion of ethical
consideration for the children:
Family-based approach- It has been found from various studies that, one of the best
intervention for childhood obesity is aligned with the family based-approach. This approach
ensures focus over the Diet & Physical Activities of the children. In context of this approach
parents needs to remove the stock of unhealthy food from the home and a time table needs to be
created for children that clear the time of playing and making physical movements in whole day.
Furthermore, parents must needs to provide a keen focus over reducing the usage of phone by the
children (Pamungkas and Chamroonsawasdi, 2019). So, this does not impact the weight of the
children and often helps in creating healthy lifestyle for children. Also, the parents has to follow

the healthy food behaviour pattern as it provides the influence over children. Thus, in accordance
with this approach, in Hammersmith and Fulham, families needs to assure focus over the
children as the healthy habits in children deprives from the family.
The ethical consideration of family-based intervention involves the rights of the parents
in terms of protecting their children. Children who are facing the situation of obesity are highly
facing the abusing. However, the children have limited ability in relation of making any decision
regarding abusing therefore, it is the accountability of parents that, they need to assure focus over
protecting their children (Mehdizadeh and et.al., 2020). If anyone is abusing their child due
excessive gaining of weight in such situation, strong decision needs to be taken by parents on the
behalf of child so, the abusing cannot impact the mental state of the child.
School-based approach- After the family children gets influence from the environment of the
school. Therefore, the actions needs to be taken by school as well. The children are on their
growing age and therefore, they learn what they see. Thus, it is important to create the
environment in which the children can know the importance of inclusion of healthy diet and
physical activities in their daily routine. Thus, in Hammersmith and Fulham the schools must
provide healthy food to the children and inclusion of physical activities needs to be done
mandatory so, the children can takes part in the activities & gets the benefit of effective health.
The ethical consideration of school-based intervention involves the strict
implementation of the policies in school in relation of bullying. Children who are facing obesity
has the extra weight and in schools, the other mates or seniors makes fun of the children that
creates negative impact over the mind of children. Often, this can lead to create the anxiety and
stress in the children and the desire of going to school in children become less ( Yuksel and
et.al., 2020). Therefore, the school must implement strict policies that takes instant action on the
bullying of children. As a result, this helps in creating a positive mind-set in the children & they
can effectively focus over adopting heathy diet and physical activities.
Stakeholder engagement, resources and inputs required
The Hammersmith and Fulhalm consists of 22.4 % obese and 12.5 obese children, where
obesity among children has become one of the most prominent health concern among people.
Interventions such as reducing fast food addiction, reducing intake of sugar food and increasing
physical activity, facilitating family involvement. Stakeholders play crucial role in improvising

resources effective implementation, creating awareness and extensive development towards
obesity reduction (Julian and et.al, 2022).
As health priorities among area of Hammersmith an Fulhalm engages towards specific
health priorities among people, stakeholder’s engagement priorities exponentially plays crucial
role. Primary health care providers, special supplemental nutritional programmers for infants and
children are some of the key stakeholders which enables to reduce obesity among children.
Interventions also correlate towards determined specific parameters for extensive development,
and keen informative awareness among children health care aspects.
Resources such as including healthy lifestyle, change behavior association among
children further motivates proper optimum care standards to be evolved. Childhood obesity
reduction is essential, to be associated with best health professional where integration with
specific experts will enable inputs to be extensively implemented. Stakeholders engagement,
further have to be analyzed as highly essential for strengthening rapport diversely and creating
awareness about obesity reduction. The children in area, will be motivated to take up healthy
lifestyle, include physical activities and engage on optimum health care aspects for improved
efficiency (Julian and et.al, 2022). Inputs such as choosing healthier foods such as fruits and
vegetables, protein and fiber rich food to children will enable health awareness to be improved. It
develops specific care to be worked on for strengthening healthy diet eating practices,
improvising wider productive engagement among children healthcare aspects.
The resources and inputs which significantly aim to generate specific efficacy
benchmarks in interventions for reducing obesity are found to be essential, as it enables to
increase positive health engagement diversely (Collins and Brolis, 2022). Also interventions
adopted by stakeholders further correlate importance of limiting television time, screen time and
sitting time within sedentary life style practices. It can be also analyzed that children should be
further given nutritious food, fruits and vegetables to reduce overweight issues dynamically.
Stakeholders, will be critically focusing towards reducing obesity among children and generating
competent motivation for informative timely health interventions development. Inputs such as
indulging in health priorities, extensive monitoring towards productive health standards enables
to create further exponential health improvement. It also extensively creates motivation among
children to live healthy lifestyle, reduce intake of fast foods and sugary food intake within
regular diet. The children having obesity as one of the major health concern, are found to be also

essentially crucial as it holds huge importance within recent time period. By keeping track of
health parameters, better new policies timely engagement will be engaged on for strengthening
rapport and also advancing rapport on extensive determined targets.
The Hammersmith and Fulhalm areas of London aim to adopt new health care awareness,
generate extensive adoption of wider advances diversity aspects for engaged improvement. It can
be also found to be essential, as one of the major parameters towards determined key goals,
collaborating untapped improvement in health structure. It will also improvise extensive
determined criteria to be collaborated among stakeholders, for improved health structure goals
and also primitively shaping keen functional goals.
Evaluation measures
The evaluation measures towards obesity interventions adopted will be focusing on
keeping track among children health priorities, BMI level analysis for overall health parameters
analysis dynamically. It can be analyzed that extending specific check on food eating habits,
meals and along with engagement towards physical habits enables to develop optimal recovery
diversely. Evaluation of varied extensive care, will enable children to be active towards healthy
food eating practices and advance on scope for fundamental vision diversification.
The interventions will be evaluated by taking specific care of extensive health priorities,
extending optimal engagement towards healthy food habits. Children overall health engagement,
will be assessed by strengthening rapport and analysis towards timely engagement and
improvement in overall health goals. Also keeping fundamental focus on track regarding
physical activities, lifestyle habits will induce specific focus on children health goals diversely. It
can be also analyzed that evaluation measures, competently innovate and creatively advances
scope for extending untapped goals based on stringent pathways dynamically (Lee and et.al,
2022).
The children within The Hammersmith and Fulhalm having obesity as one of the major
health issue, will be given specific focus to reduce obesity as one of the major health concern. It
creates health awareness, extensively determines availability of healthy food habits and shed
light on importance pertaining towards strengthened improved health goals. Evaluation
measures specifically plays keen role, in primitive overall engagement practices and
strengthening rapport on timely engagement for reduction of child obesity. There is fundamental

role of adopting new health care standards, leveraging functional growth strategies to technically
keep specific check on new determined targets. Also keeping specific check on extended new
health perspectives, will enable optimal check on health care scenarios among children. Keeping
specific check on physical well-being of obesity and interventions connected, will develop
fundamental growth to be worked on collaboratively expanding keen synergies for healthy
lifestyle.
By evaluation of long term measures, health care aspects children overall health priorities
can be analyzed to pertain towards diverse goals within longer time frame. Interventions adopted
will enable better adoption of health standards, extended better care to be diversified for
extending untapped parameters extensively (Aris and Block, 2022). It can be also evaluated that
children by further indulging in proper healthy food habits, will be able to experience further
optimistic health care improvement. The stakeholders will be adhering to overall check, on
health goals and parameters for strengthening reduction of obesity aspects informatively. This
will enable interventions to be optimally extensively adopted for better timely interventions and
advancing scope towards productive health goals.
Also children overall health evaluation, will consistently improvise dynamic health
standards and strengthen fundamental working vision for profound growth synergies.
Stakeholders also extensively take care of developing best interventions output will be able to
generate timely growth for competitive engagement, and also primitively shaping competent
working pathways. This can be also found to be essential, to determine extensive care towards
obesity reduction plans among children and creating timely reduction. Obesity has huge
implication on health parameters among children, with reduced physical activities and extensive
decline in healthy eating practices. It can be also formed that significant reduction of fast food
intake, and decline in healthy food eating practices also creates informative awareness about
specific creative awareness to be worked on (Hauersle and et.al, 2022).
Action plan
The action plan will be adhering towards strengthening rapport and also improving health
care aspects among childhood who are obese. It will competently shed light on strengthening
long term vision, fundamental keen scenarios within time period for overcoming obesity as one
of the major health concern. To reduce obesity as one of the major complication, action plan will

be strengthening rapport on practical intervention adoption competently and extensive adoption
of best health care practices. This further prioritizes specific importance of adopting physical
activity, generating keen improvement in eating habits among children for reduction in obesity.
The overweight and obesity, both are found to be major health challenges among children, where
adopting proper health habits plays essential role to improvise extensive working grounds
diversely. Action plan will correlate specific improvement on optimal health care, based on
extensive determined benchmarks for competent health engagement.
Intervention Time period Resources to be used Evaluation
To reduce fast food
intake among
students within
school.
6 months Healthy food meals
intake, fruits and
vegetables in meals,
cereals usage in food.
Reducing fast food
intake, extreme sugar
competent food will
enable children to
reduce weight and adopt
to new lifestyle pattern.
Usage of healthy food
habits, and usage of
dietary food intake will
enable children to be
healthy.
This will enable proper
food habits to be evolved
among healthy eating
practices. By keeping
track on healthy food
habits, and check on fast
food reduction habits will
improvise profound
reduction in overweight,
obesity issues. The
reduced fast food eating
habits, and specific
reduction of care will
enable children from
younger age to adopt
healthy eating practices
(Gutin, 2022).
To determine
optimum
improvement,
adopting healthy
food habits.
4 months Keeping specific check
on food eating habits,
forming school meals to
be healthy. It also
engages towards
strengthened best
Evaluation will be done,
by strengthening wider
practical healthy food
habits. It will also
competently enable new
healthy eating practices to

healthy food habits. It
can be also analyzed
that developing timely
new healthy food habits.
The determination of
best healthy food eating
practices, will enable
specific recovery to be
worked on for timely
healthy food habits.
be worked on extensively.
Evaluation will be done,
to extensively formulate
rise on strengthened
timely health growth to be
worked on functionally
for extensive technical
abilities (Diet and Baur,
2022).
Also witnessing specific
check on new healthy
food habits, will enable
extensive care to be
worked on competently
further for optimal
engagement.
To adopt improved
health care
awareness
6 months Online websites, usage
of multimedia
awareness for obesity
reduction.
Adopting and
empowering to health
promotion standards
further enables to
critically improvise, new
health care awareness
standards diversely.
Health car awareness,
will extensively form
competent awareness to
be developed on for
Evaluation will be done,
by keeping check on
fundamental awareness
done on obesity reduction
competently. Improved
health care awareness,
extensively generates
motivation to be worked
on strengthening rapport
profoundly. Improved
health care awareness,
among children from
younger age will enable to
strengthen up new
advanced care standards

optimum growth
standards management.
to be worked on.
To reduce
sedentary activities,
4 months Including new playful
activities at school and
house level will enable
children to adopt
towards new lifestyle
habits. Family
engagement will be also
prioritized at this
intervention, to critically
improvise health goals
diversely. Reducing
sedentary activities, will
determine best care to
be done for physical
active lifestyle adoption
competently.
Evaluation will be done
by keeping track on
children lifestyle
practices, checking
sedentary activities and
also engaging towards
determined criteria
profoundly. Children in
school should include in
proper physical activities
promote physical
engagement goals
profoundly. Extensive
check on enabling
children outdoor play
activities, will enable
optimum check on
extensive care paradigms
(Handakasand et.al,
2022).
Change behavior
associated with
eating and physical
activities.
5 months Adopting to change
behavior, and
developing informative
new health care goals
extensively formulates
prime growth towards
new eating and physical
activities diversely.
There is extensive
The evaluation will be
done by change behavior
association, engaging to
healthy eating practices
among children and
indulging in physical
activities. Change
behavior evaluation will
enable new fundamental

importance attached to
determining new scale
involvement of healthy
eating practices, creating
awareness and also
primitively expanding
untapped criteria.
vision to be engaged on,
critically expanding
untapped goals for
strengthened productive
competencies.
From the above action plan, it has been concluded that childhood obesity in Hammersmith and
Fulham can be reduced by strengthening healthy food intake practices, and generating accurate
health check (Malacarne and et.al, 2022).
CONLUSION
The research has concluded that childhood obesity in Hammersmith and Fulham are
found to be essentially crucial, as it has been specifically increasing health care concerns among
people. Obesity has been significantly increasing as one of the major health issues, where
children have been fundamentally facing health issues due to overweight concerns, reduced
physical activities. Research has analyzed various paradigms including usage of healthy life
eating practices, adoption to primitive active healthy lifestyle practices which advances scope for
strengthened evolvement.
Study has summarized that childhood obesity is public health problem, where
determinants such as wrong eating habits and sedentary practices increases child obesity. Study
has concluded needs for change, that is adopting to new health care practices and developing
games which increases physical activity. The research has summarized ways for interventions,
such as adopting new health care standards and creating awareness among healthy eating
practices. Report also concluded importance of resources and inputs required, based on
evaluation measures which further shed light on specific healthcare priorities. Study has
concluded engagement of best evaluation practices such as keeping check on BMI, eating
practices and checking physical activities among children.

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Online
London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham, 2018. [Online]. Accessed through
<http://democracy.lbhf.gov.uk/documents/s74668/ITEM%206.0%20LBHF%20HWB
%20Childhood%20Obesity%20JSNA.pdf>