Childhood Obesity: Key Messages and Recommendations

Childhood obesity is a major health problem affecting children and adolescents. This presentation discusses key messages and recommendations based on research studies. It also includes implementation of results to improve clinical practice and education.

Childhood Obesity (primary school aged child 5 – 12 years)
Student Name and ID
Background
Childhood obesity is a type of condition of the child where excess amount of fat gets deposited in the body of a child and it affects very badly to the health of the
child. It is a very serious medical condition which affects the children and the adolescent. Basically the children who are above the normal weight of their age and
height are called obese. Child hood obesity is a big problem for the child who is obese, for their parents as well as for the society. It is because this obese child will
grow up in an obese adult and will increase in the amount of obese population.
Relevant Key Messages from your research
1.There are various studies which show that childhood obesity is a major health problem in various countries. According to Cunningham et al. (2014), the frequency
of the BMI of the children is 95% or more among the children of the age group 5-12 years. Even the frequency of the obesity is recorded, but the reason behind the
obesity is not known. They have done a study that is based on the data from the study known as the national longitudinal study. It showed the evidence of 5 year of
records for obesity among the children from 13-26 years of age from 1996-2007 is 12.7%.
2.According to Ogden et al. (2014), more than 1/3 of the adults and 17% of the youths are recorded as obese. In the children or the adolescent from 5-12 years the
obesity is defined as the body mass index is greater than or equal to 95%.
3.According to Wang et al. (2013), childhood obesity has been proved as serious problem in the worldwide. They had assessed the effectiveness of the programs that
were proposed for the prevention of childhood obesity. They conducted some interventional studies which aimed for the improvement of diet and physical activity.
These studies were conducted in schools, primary care clinics, homes, childcare settings or the community of various countries.
Recommendations
The recommendation used for treating overweight and obesity is based on the evidence related to high mortality rates. In this manner, weight reduction may not just help control the diseases but also helps diminish the probability of building up these sicknesses. The board audited RCT proof to decide the impact of weight reduction on circulatory strain and hypertension, serum/plasma lipid fixations, and fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin.
Suggestions concentrating on these conditions underscore the upsides of weight reduction.
The conditions which are utilized for the suggestions are:
Blood pressure
To assess the impact of weight reduction on circulatory strain and hypertension, 76 articles detailing RCTs were considered for incorporation in these rules. Of the 45 acknowledged articles, 35 were way of life trials and 10 were pharmacotherapy trials. There is solid and predictable proof from this way of life trials in both overweight hypertensive and non hypertensive patients that weight reduction delivered by way of life changes lessens
circulatory strain levels. Restricted proof exists that declines in stomach fat will diminish circulatory strain in overweight non-hypertensive people, despite the fact that not free of weight reduction, and there is significant confirmation that expanded vigorous action to increment cardio respiratory wellness lessens blood pressure (autonomous of weight reduction). There is additionally suggestive proof from randomized trials that weight reduction
delivered by most weight reduction pharmaceuticals, aside from sibutramine, in mix with adjuvant way of life alterations will be joined by decreases in blood pressure (Showell et al. 2013, pp.e193-e200).
Serum/plasma lipids
Sixty-five RCT articles were assessed for the impact of weight reduction on serum/plasma convergences of aggregate cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, low-thickness lipoprotein (VLDL)- cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol. Studies were led on people over a scope of corpulence and lipid levels. Of the 22 articles acknowledged for consideration in these rules, 14 RCT articles inspected way of life trials while the rest of the 8 articles
looked into pharmacotherapy trials. There is solid proof from the 14 way of life trials that weight reduction created by way of life adjustments in overweight people is joined by decreases in serum triglycerides and by increments in HDL-cholesterol. Weight reductions for the most part delivers a few decreases in serum add up to cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Restricted confirmation exists that a diminishing in stomach fat associates with
enhancements in lipids, in spite of the fact that the impact may not be free of weight reduction, and there is solid proof that expanded oxygen consuming movement to increment cardio respiratory wellness positively influences blood lipids, especially if joined by weight reduction. There is suggestive confirmation from the eight randomized pharmacotherapy trials that weight reduction delivered by weight reduction prescriptions and adjuvant
way of life alterations, including caloric limitation and physical movement, does not bring about predictable impacts on blood lipids (Livingstone, McCaffrey and Rennie 2006, pp.1121-1129).
Blood glucose
To assess the impact of weight reduction on fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels, 49 RCT articles were explored for consideration in these rules. Of the 17 RCT articles acknowledged, 9 RCT articles analyzed way of life treatment trials and 8 RCT articles considered the impacts of pharmacotherapy on weight reduction and consequent changes in blood glucose. There is solid confirmation from the nine ways of life treatment trials
that weight reduction created by way of life adjustment lessens blood glucose levels in overweight and fat people without diabetes, and weight reduction diminishes blood glucose levels and HbAlc in a few patients with type 2 diabetes. There is suggestive proof that abatements in stomach fat will enhance glucose resilience in overweight people with impeded glucose resistance, despite the fact that not free of weight reduction; and there is
constrained confirmation that expanded cardio respiratory wellness enhances glucose resilience in overweight people with weakened glucose resilience or diabetes, in spite of the fact that not autonomous of weight reduction. Likewise, there is suggestive confirmation from randomized trials that weight reduction incited by weight reduction prescriptions does not seem to enhance blood glucose levels any superior to weight reduction through
way of life treatment in overweight people both with and without type 2 diabetes.
Discuss implementation of your results to improve clinical practice, and/or education
Rules were actualized amid safeguard care visits using a following structure. The advancement of the following structure included contribution from training staff bringing about expanded devotion. The following structure included headings for clear and succinct rule usage and
gave chances to record understanding BMI, healthful admission, physical movement, familial corpulence counteractive action instruction and motivational meeting and encouraged a training increment in adolescence weight ID and instruction. Nearness of diagram markers,
including sustenance and exercise history, was dissected to decide the constancy of the training change in weight recognizable proof and avoidance instruction. Key results incorporated a critical (p < .0001) rehearse increment in youth obesity distinguishing proof and additionally
a huge increment (p < .05) in documentation of stoutness counteractive action training through motivational meeting (Cunningham, Kramer and Narayan 2014, pp.403-411). Practice change joining adolescence corpulence distinguishing proof and familial avoidance rules had
constructive outcomes in a pediatric populace. Usage of confirmation based rules can bring about expanded recognizable proof of kids in danger for adolescence heftiness and improved familial stoutness counteractive action training; prompting the long haul objective of making
more advantageous ways of life and diminishing danger factors in a vulnerable population.
The increased frequency and pervasiveness, combined with huge bleakness and money related weight, unmistakably recommend the requirement for usage of powerful pediatric stoutness distinguishing proof and aversion procedures. The National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999– 2004, with an example size of 12,384 American kids 2– 19 years old, found that right around 16% of youngsters were large. NHANES information demonstrated heftiness in kids associated with high dreariness that proceeded into
adulthood including expanded cardiovascular dangers of hoisted cholesterol and unusually hypertension. Corpulence inclines youngsters to poorer aspiratory work, asthma, orthopedic issues, rest apnea, polycystic ovary illness, and poor psychosocial wellbeing identified with
stoutness related harassing and segregation (Sabin and Kiess 2015, pp.327-338).
Motivational meeting (MI) is order, understanding focused directing that is intended to be nonjudgmental, sympathetic, and empowering. The strategy evokes inborn inspiration for conduct change and is viable in people who are at first impervious to change. The fundamental
start of the procedure is to encourage a familiarity with inconsistencies between the patient's present way of life and future objectives. For instance, if a patient needs to play soccer in the fall, yet it has no plans for physical movement in the mid year, MI strategies would urge the
patient to recognize the errors between his future objectives and current way of life and make suitable behavioral adjustments. The constructive outcome of MI strategies on adolescence heftiness is steady with the writing. Proof shows a change in solid way of life choices when
MI is presented and kept up in a clinical setting to advance behavioral alteration (Bleich et al. 2013, pp.e201-e210)
In the realm of essential care, it is infrequently hard to consolidate protracted confirmation based rules into training. Through an advancement display, the training consolidated the HEAT rules by building up an easy to use following device that had huge staff purchase in,
expanding devotion of utilization. The device filled in as an indication of youth corpulence amid protection examinations and made a consistent approach to take after the movement of individual patients. Earlier research plainly proposes the estimation of way of life behavioral
adjustment utilized as an adolescence corpulence counteractive action and intercession system and backings usage of youth heftiness distinguishing proof and familial training inside in pediatric essential care. (Sanders et al. 2015, pp.715-746).
This interpretation of confirmation into training engaged staff to end up change operators while improving the care gave to pediatric patients. The following structure filled in as a fruitful confirm based device for pediatric essential care suppliers in the training to engage patients
and families to settle on solid way of life decisions through motivational interviewing systems.
Fig. 1: Prevalence of overweight and obesity
(Aph.gov.au, 2017)
Fig. 2: Analysing interventions to prevent obesity in early childhood
(Earlychildhoodobesity.com, 2017)
(Huffington Post Australia, 2017)
Reference List
Aph.gov.au. (2017). Obesity prevention in young children: what does the evidence say? – Parliament of
Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/
Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/0809/ObesityChildren [Accessed 15 Oct. 2017].
Bleich, S.N., Segal, J., Wu, Y., Wilson, R. and Wang, Y., 2013. Systematic review of community-based
childhood obesity prevention studies. Pediatrics, 132(1), pp.e201-e210.
Cunningham, S.A., Kramer, M.R. and Narayan, K.V., 2014. Incidence of childhood obesity in the United
States. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(5), pp.403-411.
Earlychildhoodobesity.com. (2017). Centre of Research Excellence In Early Childhood Prevention Obesity |
Sydney, NSW Australia. [online] Available at: http://www.earlychildhoodobesity.com/streams.html
[Accessed 15 Oct. 2017].
Huffington Post Australia. (2017). Sugar Tax In Australia: Media Personality Sarah Wilson Urges Everyone To
Help Tackle Childhood Obesity Crisis. [online] Available at:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/04/13/sugar-tax-australia_n_9677528.html [Accessed 15 Oct.
2017].
Livingstone, M.B.E., McCaffrey, T.A. and Rennie, K.L., 2006. Childhood obesity prevention studies: lessons
learned and to be learned. Public health nutrition, 9(8A), pp.1121-1129.
Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Kit, B.K. and Flegal, K.M., 2014. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the
United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), pp.806-814.
Sabin, M.A. and Kiess, W., 2015. Childhood obesity: Current and novel approaches. Best Practice &
Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 29(3), pp.327-338.
Sanders, R.H., Han, A., Baker, J.S. and Cobley, S., 2015. Childhood obesity and its physical and
psychological co-morbidities: a systematic review of Australian children and adolescents. European journal
of pediatrics, 174(6), pp.715-746.
Showell, N.N., Fawole, O., Segal, J., Wilson, R.F., Cheskin, L.J., Bleich, S.N., Wu, Y., Lau, B. and Wang, Y.,
2013. A systematic review of home-based childhood obesity prevention studies. Pediatrics, 132(1),
pp.e193-e200.

Aph.gov.au. (2017). Obesity prevention in young children: what does the evidence say? – Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at:
https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/0809/ObesityChildren [Accessed 15 Oct. 2017].
Bleich, S.N., Segal, J., Wu, Y., Wilson, R. & Wang, Y., 2013. Systematic review of community-based childhood obesity prevention studies. Pediatrics, 132(1), pp.e201-
e210.
Cunningham, S.A., Kramer, M.R. & Narayan, K.V., 2014. Incidence of childhood obesity in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(5), pp.403-411.
Earlychildhoodobesity.com. (2017). Centre of Research Excellence In Early Childhood Prevention Obesity | Sydney, NSW Australia. [online] Available at:
http://www.earlychildhoodobesity.com/streams.html [Accessed 15 Oct. 2017].
Huffington Post Australia. (2017). Sugar Tax In Australia: Media Personality Sarah Wilson Urges Everyone To Help Tackle Childhood Obesity Crisis. [online] Available
at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/04/13/sugar-tax-australia_n_9677528.html [Accessed 15 Oct. 2017].
Livingstone, M.B.E., McCaffrey, T.A. & Rennie, K.L., 2006. Childhood obesity prevention studies: lessons learned and to be learned. Public health nutrition, 9(8A),
pp.1121-1129.
Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Kit, B.K. & Flegal, K.M., 2014. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), pp.806-814.
Sabin, M.A. and Kiess, W., 2015. Childhood obesity: Current and novel approaches. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 29(3), pp.327-338.
Sanders, R.H., Han, A., Baker, J.S. & Cobley, S., 2015. Childhood obesity and its physical and psychological co-morbidities: a systematic review of Australian children
and adolescents. European journal of pediatrics, 174(6), pp.715-746.
Showell, N.N., Fawole, O., Segal, J., Wilson, R.F., Cheskin, L.J., Bleich, S.N., Wu, Y., Lau, B. & Wang, Y., 2013. A systematic review of home-based childhood obesity
prevention studies. Pediatrics, 132(1), pp.e193-e200.