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SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND MATHS, CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY China’s Social Credit Score Assignment 3: Applying Ethical Theory Your Name Student Number Word Count: 1500
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China’s Social CreditScore Table of Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................2 Utilitarianism Theory................................................................................................................3 Deontology Theory...................................................................................................................4 Virtue Theory............................................................................................................................5 Contract Theory.......................................................................................................................6 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................7 References...............................................................................................................................8 Your Name
China’s Social CreditScore Introduction This report helps to understand the concept of different theories of ethics. It also analyses this theory in respect of case. It discusses the theory of utilitarianism in which it states that individuals desire the happiness. It is based on the principle that “actions are right and that tend to promote the happiness and wrong as they reverse of happiness”. The other theory is a virtue that emphasis on the virtue of mind and character. The theory of Deontology is depended on action that can be right or wrong and based on the series of rules rather on the consequences of action. The case study is based on China’s social credit score that can be implemented by different programs. The main aim of the study is to generate the score for different individuals and institutions. It can also be analyses that eight companies have been approved for these systems and also compile information to assign the citizens as score. Your Name
China’s Social CreditScore Utilitarianism Theory This theory focus on the happiness of individuals that is based on the pleasure that results from an action, it is the version of consequentialism that can be stated as the consequences of an action that can be a standard of right or wrong. In relation to the case study, the china is developing the “social credit score” that can be applied to different citizens and institutions. Their main aim of social credit system is to generate a score and that helps to fill the data like tax, through this system more number of consumers can reap rewards. With the help of utilitarianism theory more students can generate this facility and that leads to the maximum number of happiness. They also decline the “persistent rumors that can be monitored by the user of organizations while accessing their social credit (Woodruff, 2018). According to the utilitarian’s act, it can be stated that the act of social system is permissible if the consequences can be produced by performing the act for the greatest number of individuals who adopted the system. Some of the utilitarians argued that these are the consequencethatistheoutcomeofthedifferentprinciplesorrulesandnotthe consequences of acts. It can also be evaluated that if the government establishes the system of blacklist then individuals can engage in online swindles, rumourmongering, infringe the interest and right of other individuals. This all can be recognized as the empathy for individuals (Irina Raicu, 2018). Your Name
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China’s Social CreditScore Deontology Theory This theory focuses on the concept of morality that can conform to an objective set or standard, these principles can be stated as the categorical that is without exception and imperative in which they have to perform a duty. It is based on the rule and that can be binding on all individuals without any exception. It can also be noted that this theory disregards the importance of happiness and social utility. Through this, there will be less number of individuals to attend the program. If there is less number of institutions and individuals then the china will not able to develop and that leads to the diseconomy. It can also be asserted that this theory is consistent with moral absolutism but that should not be compulsory. As per the theory, they believe that the rules of China government bind individuals with their duty. In relation to the case study, the china is developing the program of “social credit score” through nation-wide as a part of financial credibility and the mechanism of part compliance. It can be identified that this program is right or wrong under the rules rather than the consequences. As per this theory, it can be stated that the morality can be identified by the laws and duties.But According to article, it can be restricted that this system is not only effective as the part of economic life and a part of social life in which principles and laws are defined and recognized (Glaser & Strauss, 2017). This theory stress on the role of duty and gives respect to the persons, as the main of China is to provide the better system of social credit score. In respect of the case, the there main role is to compile the data from the different sources that helps to assign the individuals a score. It also analyses the different benefits that can arise through the execution of the credit score system that can be related to the social control and privacy. Your Name
China’s Social CreditScore Virtue Theory This theory focuses on the character of individuals as the important factor in ethical thinking rather than the rules about the acts. According to the Aristotle, the individuals who possess the character should perform the task at right thing, right time and in right way. It focuses on the moral development and moral education (Heinzelmann, 2018). As per the case study of social credit system, they appoint the different who apply their mind and knowledge in developing the system of social credit. To execute the knowledge from different sources and to assign to the different individuals they can develop morally. It can also be evaluated that if more number of students and individuals adopt this program then they can develop morally. It can also be noted that the theory of virtue is based on the positive trait that helps the individual to become a good human being. In respect to the case study, it can be determined that to develop any system it ios essential to establish the sincerity culture that helps them to analyze the performance. To contradict this, they argue that the system of social culture is an effective system that strengthens the sincerity and stimulates the trust in society (Carr, 2018). It also focuses on the scan of Chinese social media that reflects the discussions on sesame credit that involves the brainstorming of people and that helps to improve the scheme of bicycle. This theory has a disadvantage that depends on the homogenous community standards of morality. As per this theory, the system is based on the language, culture, ethnicity and that is not suitable for the individuals. As to attend the system, of social credit more number of consumers can attend and reap the knowledge. If it is based on the homogeneity then they are not able to receive the knowledge and that also contradict the theory of utilitarian. Your Name
China’s Social CreditScore Contract Theory This theory is based on the pre-mortal existence of individuals and social contract in which the individuals have rights to satisfy the needs and wants and avoids the antipathy. It focuses on the concept of morality that provides the difference between the right and wrong on the basis of good and bad behavior. It can also be stated that if the individuals adopt the policy of morality in respect to social credit system then they can easily determine the good and bad impacts on the basis of behavior. If this theory can be adopted by different individuals then they can be motivated by being moral. It can also be noted that rights can be in positive or negative form. If the institutions and university adopt this system then they can build the reputation and that can be considered as the positive rights. Apart from this, if they use this system as the part of online scandals and infringes the right of individuals then it is negative right. As per the case, it can be identified that the china develops the system of “social credit score” that can be developed by the Chinese government. This system standardizes the assessment of the individuals and business economic and social reputation. With the help of this system, they can develop the technology that helps the individuals to perform their tasks in an easy manner (Ebenstein, 2018). This theory is criticized on the minimalist morality. It can be stated that if there is no formal or legal contract that then it can be implemented morally. This theory is based on two principles in relation to the study. The population of Chinese has to adopt this type of system. The system should provide the facilities to different individuals and institutions. Your Name
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China’s Social CreditScore Conclusion From the above report, it can be asserted that there is a different theory of Ethics. This theory helps the individuals to perform their activities. They also evaluate that the system of social credit is an effective method that helps to strengthen the sincerity, stimulates the trust in society and also diminish the social contradictions. The government of China tries to develop this system in a more effective and efficient manner as through this more number of individuals can take advantage. With the help of different theory, they can evaluate the moral, duties and beliefs in respect of different case study. It can also be identified that if the government adopts this system then it can give benefit to a large number of individuals and that leads to motivation among employees. It can also essential to develop the new laws, a regulation that helps the organization to develop the theory according to them. Your Name
China’s Social CreditScore References Carr, D. (Ed.). (2018).Cultivating moral character and virtue in professional practice. Routledge. Ebenstein,L.O.(2018).RoutledgeRevivals:TheGreatestHappinessPrinciple (1986): An Examination of Utilitarianism. Routledge. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017).Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge. Heinzelmann, N. (2018). Deontology defended.Synthese, 1-20. IrinaRaicu,(2018).China’sSocialCreditScore.Availableat: https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/internet-ethics/resources/chinas-social-credit- score/[Accessedon 11 September 2018] Koven, S. G. (2015).Public sector ethics: Theory and applications. Routledge. Woodruff, P. (Ed.). (2018).The Ethics of Giving: Philosophers' Perspectives on Philanthropy. Oxford University Press. Your Name
China’s Social CreditScore Do not remove the following marking sheet. Marking Sheet CriteriaStandards Marks awarde d Classical Ethical Theory (Value 60%) HD: Demonstrates an excellent ability at applying ethical theories to the ethical issues. (51-60) DI: Demonstrates a good ability at applying ethical theories to the ethical issues. (45-50.4) CR: Makes a genuine attempt at applying the ethical theories to the ethical issues. (39-44.4) PS: The ethical theories do not link well with the ethical issues. (30-38.4) FL: The ethical theories are not properly applied to the ethical issues. (0-29.4) Writing& structure (Value 20%) HD:Languagefeaturesandstructuresareusedtoconvey meaningeffectively,concisely,unambiguously,andinatone appropriatetotheaudienceandpurposewithnospelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors. (17-20) DI: Well developed skills in expression & presentation of ideas. Fluentwritingstyleappropriatetoassessmenttask/document type. Grammar & spelling accurate. (15-16.8) CR:Goodskillsinexpression&clearpresentationofideas. Mostlyfluentwritingstyleappropriatetoassessment task/document type. Grammar & spelling contains a few minor errors. (13-14.8) PS: The text contains frequent errors in spelling, grammar, word choice, and structure, lacks clarity, and is not concise, but the meaning is apparent to the reader with some effort. (10-12.8) FL: Rudimentary skills in expression & presentation of ideas. Not all material is relevant &/or is presented in a disorganised manner. Meaning apparent, but writing style not fluent or well organised. Grammar & spelling contains many errors. (0-9.8) Your Name
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China’s Social CreditScore Conclusion (Value 10%) HD:Superiorconclusionthattiestheresultsoftheanalysis together into a coherent, logically valid & convincing argument. (8.5-10) DI: Very high standard conclusion that ties the results of the analysis together into a coherent, logically valid & convincing argument. (7.5-8.4) CR: High standard conclusion that ties the results of the analysis together into a coherent, logically valid & convincing argument. (6.5-7.4) PS: Rudimentary conclusion that provides a convincing argument. (5-6.4) FL: Sub-standard (or no) conclusion. (0-4.9) Referencin g (Value 10%) HD:Referencingiscomprehensive,demonstratesacademic integrity, and conforms exactly to APA style conventions. (8.5-10) DI: Very good referencing, including reference list and citations. High quality references. (7.5-8.4) CR:Good referencing, including reference list and citations. Good quality references. (6.5-7.4) PS:Referencing is comprehensive, mostly accurate according to APAstyleconventions,anddemonstratesacademicintegrity. Some minor errors or omissions in style and formatting choices (e.g. italics, punctuation, etc) don’t impact on the transparency andtraceabilityofthesource,ordemonstrationofacademic integrity. (5-6.4) FL:Sub-standard(orno)referencing.Poorquality(orno) references. (0-4.9) Total Marks Your Name