Ancient Chinchorro Mummies: Understanding the Egalitarian Preservation Decision
Added on 2019-09-22
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Running head: CHINCHORRO CULTUREChinchorro culture
CHINCHORRO CULTURE1In this present paper, we will discuss the literature review of chinchorro culture which was a preceramic culture of South America. The paper also describes the geographic range of the culture, the time span of the culture, geographic and cultural origins, characteristics of chinchorro culture, archeological evidence, and living descends about the people.The geographical region of the culture was formed by the sedentary fishermen who inhabited thesouth Peru and pacific coastal region of the current northern Chile. The humans were settled in the arid region on the coast because of fresh water presence. The culture lasts from 9,000 to 3,500 years BP which was 7,000 to 1,500 BC. The area of chinchorro culture was influenced by the Andean Plateau in 4,000 BP due to which the agriculture was adopted by the chinchorro culture, and after that, the culture came under the influence of Tiwanaku culture. The culture is named after the beach of chinchorro. The chinchorro culture was spread across the arid coastal regions of the Atacama Desert which is from llo, and from southern Peru to Antofagasta which ispresent in northern Chile. There was various site of Archeology around Arica and Caleta Cameroons.The people of chinchorro were the expert in fishing, and they made extensive and sophisticated assemblage tools of fishing. They had efficient fishing gear for example fishing hooks which were made of shells and cactuses, and stone weights, and stone weights for nets which are made from mesh fabrics. The people become skilled weavers of mats and baskets. The type sites of chinchorro were located in Arica, Chile. The type site was discovered by German archaeologist named Max Uhle in the twenty century. The various archaeological sites were discovered along with the coast. In Peru, Quebrada Jaguay and Quebrada Tachahuay were studied by the archaeologists. Inland in Chile, they are also other sites of Las Conchas and Achas. Quebrada Jaguay is the oldest site which is dated to 11,000 BC. The culture of chinchorro was developed
CHINCHORRO CULTURE2by the earlier settlements which are determined by arguing of scholars, and the research is still going on the culture of chinchorro. The Chichorro mummy was founded on the site of Archas. The chinchorro culture has discovered the first mummies (Hutchison et al., 2013). The practices of mummification and funerary practices of chinchorro are very famous from the culture of chinchorro. The popular siteof Monte Verde has to be mentioned in this context which is near the Chilean coastline. The mummies of Chinchorro were older than the ancient Egyptians. The mummies of chinchorro were going back to 7,000 or 9,000 BC. The DNA of mummies was recovered by the researchers.The duration of culture was several thousand years, and it evolves and adopted over the time period. The culture of chinchorro was ended near 3500 BP.The knowledge of chinchorro culture was contributed by the Dr. Bernardo Arriaza who was the Chilean physical anthropologist and his work was published in the journal Chinchorro. Later the work was published in the National geographic magazine which was translated into various languages. The earliest tattoo was founded on the male mummy of chinchorro by the Americans.The local cultural development in the phase of Azapa was the translation period which was started in the phase of Alto Ramirez and ended in the phase of chinchorro culture. It took place in the Azapa valley which is near to the coast. The cultural changes were influenced by the immigrants from the Altuplano. These changes lead to the adoption of agricultural activities in the 3,000 BP, and it also includes the introduction of ceramics, but their group doesn't mummify their dead for a long period. The study on the influence of wankarani culture and the early pukaraculture was done by various archeologists. The chinchorro may coexist with the emergent Andean tradition in the transitional phase. The mummies of chinchorro show the surprising level of sophistication.
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