Chronic Kidney Disease among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People
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This essay discusses the chronic kidney disease faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, its impact on demographic, social and cultural factors, and effective healthcare strategies for improving their condition.
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Running Head: First People’s Health0 [Type the company name] Health Condition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples Chronic Kidney Disease 8/6/2018
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First People’s Health1 Introduction Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people lives in different parts of the Australia. These people speak different types of languages and they belong to several descent groups. Their health conditions are different from the people living in the Torres Strait. The social and physical environment in which these people are residing plays a key role in determining whether their life is free from the relatively serious diseases. These indigenous people in Australia are suffering from the chronic, social dislocation and the ‘new’ infectious diseases. These peoples suffer the economic disadvantage, due to their unemployment and lower education. These factors are responsible for the chronic health problems among the indigenous people. There is huge difference between the health of the indigenous and the non-indigenous Australians. Chronic diseases are causing many deaths in Australia. This is the biggest health challenge that the Australians currently facing. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people face the diseases like Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney diseases. These diseases results in the increasing number of deaths among the Torres Strait islander people. In this essay, the discussion will be on the chronic kidney diseases faced by the Abnormal and Torres Strait islander people. The impact of the social, cultural and demographic factors on the health of the islander people is also discussed.The health care strategy that is effective for improving the conditions of the Torres Strait islander people facing the chronic kidney problem are discussed in this essay (Australian Government, 2011). The health problem that is faced by Abnormal and Torres Strait islander People is theChronic Kidney Disease.This disease is the serious health problem faced by the indigenous people living in Australia. The people suffering with this disease are at the end stage of kidney disease and these people suffer serious health issues and depressed life quality. Torres Strait islander people are at the alarming stage of chronic kidney disease. The health of these people is poor as compared to other Australians. This disease is the main cause of death among the Indigenous people living in remote areas. The major reasons of the chronic kidney disease among the indigenous Australians are Glomerulonephritis, diabetes and hypertension. Poor nutrition, depression, protein disorder, high blood pressure and repeated infections are the other problems faced by these people, which leads to the end stage kidney disease among the indigenous Australians. Government policies prevailing in Australia are the reason that leads to the limited access to medical care to the indigenous people. Management, control and prevention of the kidney disease among the indigenous are not only depend on the acceptable and effective treatment but on the preventive steps to improve the socioeconomic economic conditions of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people (AIHW, 2017). Chronic kidney disease impact on the demographic, social and cultural factors on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people are: Demographic factors:
First People’s Health2 Population: In 2014, 7,13,600 people living in Australia re Aboriginal and Torres strait islander people. In 2011, the people living in the Torres Strait Island are 10% of the total population of Australia. The changes in the population of Australia are due to the levels of migration, deaths and births. Age: The indigenous people living in Australia are younger than the normal people living in Australia are. The rate of fertility and deaths are higher among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people (NCBI, 2016). Cultural factors: The culture of the indigenous and non-indigenous Australians is not similar. People living in the urban areas and remote areas are different in terms of culture, language, religion. The training programs for the individuals working with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people leads towardsthedevelopmentofthehistoricalandculturalattitudes.Thisprogramhelpsin understanding the factors of the cultural safety of the indigenous populations of Australia (Australian National University, 2017). Social factors: Chronic kidney diseases affected the social and economic conditions of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people. These diseases lead to the lack of nutrition, poor health of the people living in the remote areas of Australia. The indigenous populations are generally the lower class people of Australia. Effective health care strategies for improving the chronic kidney disease among the indigenous Australians are necessary to adopt. The strategies such as blood pressure control and diabetes control are necessary for preventing the kidney diseases (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007). Controlling the Diabetes: The basic step in preventing the chronic kidney disease is controlling the diabetes among the individual. It is necessary for the individuals to check the blood glucose level on a monthly basis. The results will help in taking decisions about the physical activity, medicines and food. Diabetes is the main reason behind the kidney disease and these testes helps in tracking the damage or changes in the kidney of individuals. Regular exercise is necessary for preventing the diabetes among the individuals. Exercise includes aerobic exercise, walking daily for 30 minutes, flexibility exercise and strength training (Diabetes Australia, 2015). For the treatment of diabetes, the following people should be the part of the team involved in the treatment of diabetes: Doctor: It is necessary for the individual to go for the routine checkups to the doctor, in order to keep their diabetes in control.
First People’s Health3 Registered dietitian: Dietitian is a nutrition and food expert. They help the individual in creating a healthy diet plan for improving the level of diabetes. Diabetes educator: Diabetes educator are the person who educate people about the ways to manage and handle their diabetes, Pharmacist: They educate people about their medicine and prescribe them about the use of medicine. The basic job of these people is to examine the medicines to prevent the unsafe combinations and the side effects of the prescribed medicines. To improve the diabetes level individuals should follow these things like, they should choose water, tea and coffee instead of carbonated sugary drinks like coco cola and Pepsi, they should add nuts, fish and whole grains in their meal and they should avoid alcohol and smoking (Cleveland Clinic, 2014). Health perspective of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people The indigenous people living in the remote areas of Australia are facing the problem of inequality in health conditions as compared to Non-indigenous people of Australia. Health Care practitioner from Australia should interact with these people to identify the health problem they are facing. Majority of the health professionals do not identify the problem they are facing, due to the difference in the culture of these people and other Australians. The burden of disease among these Aboriginal Australians is three times greater than the disease among the Normal Australians. The reasons behind the inequality of health among these people are the unequal access to the health care, decreased standard of health, unhealthy food, and reduced sanitation process. The number of deaths among these indigenous Australian is more than the deaths in non-indigenous Australians.Poor education, unemployment, smoking and the increase in the deaths of infant are also the reason behind the inequality in health conditions, as poor education results in the lack of health information, smoking leads to the decrease in the socio-economic status of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people and the unemployment results in the decrease in their purchasing capacity (ClinEdAus, 2018). Recommendations on improving the health condition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: It is very important to identify the needs of the aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people to improve their poor health problems. According to me, there are many steps that helps in improving the chronic health condition of these people in Australia Controlling blood pressure and the Diabetes level is necessary for preventing the individuals from the chronic health disease in Australia. The Australian government should provide them free checkup facility in order to prevent them from the chronic diseases. The indigenous people living in the remote areas of Australia are facing poor health condition due to lack of proper food
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First People’s Health4 and nutrition as compared to non-indigenous Australians. I suggest that Australian Government should work towards improving their health condition, providing them education, housing and economic opportunities to these people (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney diseases, 2018). Proper education and training should be provided to the individuals living in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islands about the consumption of the food and medicine that prevent them from the diabetes, blood pressure problem. We should focus on the weight of the infants as the death among the infants is increasing day by day. For improving this, we need safe assessment and the appropriate interventions to improve the health of the infants. Trained health practitioner is required in these remote areas for providing effective treatment to the people living there (Kids Matter, 2018). There is a need to focus on the social determinants prevailing in these areas such as improving unemployment, education, housing and improving the lifestyle of the people living in remote areas of Australia. We should focus on the risk deduction and the prevention of the chronic disease among the indigenous people in Australia. The midwives should work with the new and the pregnant mothers in the remote areas between the larger communities of indigenous people, and the midwife that is providing consistent care to these women should be transferred to the regional centers in these remote areas. This service helps in improving fetal health at the time of pregnancy and reduces the miscarriages among the women in the remote areas (Harvard T.H. CHAN, 2018). According to me, the establishment of the chronic disease practitioner along with the enhanced data monitoring and trained governance helps in improving the quality of life of the diseased and poor people living in the remote areas of Australia (The Conversation, 2013). Conclusion This can be concluded from the above discussion that the Chronic Kidney disease among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is posing a serious threat on the lives of people living in these remote areas. The culture and social environment of these indigenous people is different from the non-indigenous people living in Australia. The living conditions and the economic status of these people is very poor because of chronic diseases like diabetes, kidney disease and several infectious disease are prevailing in the remote areas of Australia. The death rate in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people is more than the death rate in the Australia. Different health care practitioner and service provider visit these remote areas but due to the difference in the culture, it becomes difficult for them in understanding the health problems these people are facing. In this essay, the discussion is on the problem of chronic
First People’s Health5 kidney disease among these indigenous people and the ways for controlling the kidney disease. The basic step in controlling the chronic kidney disease is controlling the diabetes of the people living in the remote areas. These people are facing inequality in their health condition as compared to other Australians. The reasons behind the inequality are the poor social and economic condition, lack of education and unemployment. The government in Australia focuses on improving their condition but due to the major cultural differences, it becomes difficult for the health care provider in rendering health care services, which reduces the conditions of inequality of heath conditions. References AIHW.(2017)ChronicKidneyDiseaseConsumption.[online]Availablefrom: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-compendium/ contents/how-many-australians-have-chronic-kidney-disease [Accessed 06/08/2018] Australian Government. (2011)Chronic Kidney disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.[online]Availablefrom: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-indigenous- australians/contents/summary [Accessed 06/08/2018] Australian Human Rights Commission. (2007)Social determinants and the health of indigenous peoplesinAustralia-ahumanrightsbasedapproach.[online]Availablefrom: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous- peoples-australia-human-rights-based [Accessed 06/08/2018] Australian National University. (2017)Do cultural factors affect the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities?. [online] Available from: http://www.anu.edu.au/news/all- news/do-cultural-factors-affect-the-health-of-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander[Accessed 06/08/2018] Cleveland Clinic. (2014)Your Best Strategies for preventing Diabetets. [online] Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/key-strategies-for-preventing-diabetes/ [Accessed 06/08/2018] ClinEdAus. (2018)Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Culture. [online] Available from: http://www.clinedaus.org.au/topics-view/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-culture-123 [Accessed 06/08/2018]
First People’s Health6 Diabetes Australia. (2015)Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. [online] Available from: https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islanders[Accessed 06/08/2018] Harvard T.H. CHAN. (2018)Simple Steps to Preventing Diabetes. [online] Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/disease-prevention/diabetes-prevention/ preventing-diabetes-full-story/ [Accessed 06/08/2018] Kids Matter. (2018)Understanding Aboriginal concepts of health. [online] Available from: https://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/health-and-community/enewsletter/aboriginal-concepts-health [Accessed 06/08/2018] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney diseases. (2018)Managing Chronic KidneyDiseases.[online]Availablefrom: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/ managing [Accessed 06/08/2018] NCBI. (2016)working at the interface in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health: focusing on the individual health professional and their organization as a means to address health equality.[online]Availablefrom:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114820/ [Accessed 06/08/2018] The Conversation. (2013)Improving Aboriginal health and well-being: a view from the north. [online]Availablefrom:https://theconversation.com/improving-aboriginal-health-and-well- being-a-view-from-the-north-18522 [Accessed 06/08/2018]