Chronic Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Running Head: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Name
Professor
Institution
Course
Date

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 2
Introduction
Chronic kidney diseases refers to kidney damage manifested by excretion of albumin or
slowed functioning of the kidney and an estimated glomerular filtrate that continues for at least
three months. The waste builds up when the kidney functioning becomes unreliable. The blood
carries the wastes and hence can make a person sick. A person will develop complications like
high blood pressure, low blood count, poor nutritional health, and damage to the nervous system.
The problems manifest themselves slowly over a long period. Early detection and treatment are
essential, and if not well checked, it can lead to kidney failure, which would require dialysis or a
kidney transplant for life maintenance (Stauffer & Fan, 2014).
Recent research shows that approximately 1.7 million Australians live with chronic
kidney disease, and there are high chances of increased risks. Early detection of chronic kidney
disease is vital since it can be curbed at early stages. The primary cause of death for the people
living with chronic kidney disease is heart disease. The other causes of chronic kidney disease
include high blood pressure and diabetes. Diabetes occurs when the level of blood sugar is very
high. Chronic kidney disease has a high prevalence among older people (Chawla, et al., 2014).
The younger people living with chronic kidney disease experience progressive loss in the
functionality of the kidneys. Research shows that 40% of patients who are over 70 years have the
chronic kidney as stable disease (Stauffer & Fan, 2014).
When talking about the issue of chronic kidney sickness, we additionally need to consider
the renal structure and the physiological qualities together with the standards of the renal tissue
damage (Webster, et al., 2017). The rate of bloodstream is approximated to be 400ml/100g of
tissue in a minute is higher than the one seen in the other vascular beds that are all around
perfused, for example, liver or the brain. As a consequence of this, the renal tissue might be
presented to an expanded measure of unsafe substances flowing in the blood. The glomerular
filtrate likewise relies upon Trans glomerular filtrate, and this makes the vessels progressively
defenseless against harms. Glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration are the essential
supporters in the movement of persistent renal illness. The glomerular filtration likewise contains
a film that has perversely charged, and they fill in as barricades in impairment of anionic
macromolecules (Hill, et al., 2016). At the point when this electrostatic hindrance is disturbed
all things considered by and large that happen in the glomerular harm, get to the glomerular

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 3
filtrate. The association of microvasculature and the area of tubulin keep up the parity in the
glomeruli-tubule and also trigger the spread of glomerular harm to the section of
tubulointerstitial infection and additionally uncover the epithelial cells to an anomalous ultra-
filtrate (Lazarus, et al., 2016).
With the underlying of vasculature in the glomerular circulation, there may be an
overflow of the mediators. Glomerular reaction may overflow and enter in the peritubular
response and this can easily lead to an inflammatory intestinal response. A decrease in
glomerular perfusion can cause low blood flow which entails tissue remodeling and
tubulointerstitial damage (Hall, et al., 2014). The concept of nephron being a functional unit
applies both in renal physiology and also in renal disease pathophysiology. A glomerulus is a
functional unit together with its elements which include epithelial cells, visceral, and parietal
cells, among others. Damage of any of those elements will affect the other aspects through
various mechanisms (Collins, et al., 2015).
It is not possible to go through chronic kidney failure alone. There are changes in family
dynamics, especially when one has been affected by chronic kidney disease. The people who
have a close relationship with the sick person are profoundly affected. However, it is not a must
that the effect is emotional. Living with chronic kidney ailment can bring families together. After
some time, the family can reach a new culture which is different from before but a valid one.
Several people form part of the support system, including family, friends, healthcare
professionals, organizations and agencies that associate themselves with people who are
suffering from chronic kidney diseases (Wang & Mitch, 2014). The social health workers in
hospitals offer intensive guidance and support in several areas and also financial services.
Patients who require dialysis three times in a day need to have proper time management
so that they can equalize their dialysis schedule with the other activities and wants as well. For a
patient to balance time balancing, it may take them several weeks to adjust and to think of the
new schedule that would do well for their families (Stauffer & Fan, 2014).
The health professionals recommend the limit of salt and fluids intake in most cases for
the people suffering from chronic kidney disease. There should, therefore, be adjustments in the
meals prepared for the patient and their family (Stauffer & Fan, 2014).