Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay
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Added on 2021-02-21
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay
Added on 2021-02-21
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CRITICALLY DISCUSS HOW YOU WOULDSUPPORT SELF- MANAGEMENT OF YOURCLIENT/PATIENT LIVING WITH THIS CHRONICILLNESS COPD IN THE COMMUNITY
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTIONChronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease is a lung disease which blocks airflow and causesdifficulty in breathing. The illness is characterized by increasing breathlessness because ofincreased inflammation and mucus. The essay will outline main causes and pathophysiology ofCOPD in order to make patient aware about the chronic condition. Further, the essay will outlinerole of nurse in supporting self-management of patient living with COPD in remote community.The critical analysis will be focused on impact of diseases on carers, family and patient livingwith the diseases.MAIN BODYRole of nurse in Self- management of 74-year-old man Martin suffering from severed COPDwho living alone in remote community. The patient seek help from daughter who lives in samecommunity but not with him and he quit smoking few years back when he got hospitalisedcomplaining from breathlessness, fatigue, severe dyspnea and anxiety. The common symptom ofchronic illness comprises chronic cough, wheezing and shortness of breath. However, patientexperience dry cough and cough with phlegm, respiratory infections, inability to exercise,pressure on chest, weight loss and loss of muscle. Main causes and brief pathophysiologyThe most common cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease according to Smith,2017, is long term exposure to lung irritants which damage airways and lungs. Further, breathingsecond hand smoke like air from people smoking in surroundings, chemical, fumes, dust. Airpollution are another factor which causes COPD. Also, some people who suffer from Asthma arealso at the risk of developing COPD because asthma is a chronic lung disease which leads toinflammation and narrowing of airway.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease develops due to lung damage which comprisetwo conditions that is bronchitis and emphysema or combination of both. As per the views ofDavy, 2015, emphysema damage air sacs in lungs and bronchitis leads to excessive mucusproduction and swelling in breathing tubes. As per the views of Dye, 2018, Chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (COPD) is rapidly becoming a global public health crisis with smoking beingrecognized as its most important causative factor. COPD is a disease which affects different partsof lungs and leads to breathing problem. When the person inhale smoke air moves down totrachea via two tubes which are known as bronchi. The smaller tubes of bronchi are known as3
bronchioles at the end of which little air sacs are present which are known as alveoli. In the endof alveoli there are tiny blood vessels which are known as capillaries. Therefore, the main causeof COPD in case of Martin is tobacco smoking because it injures air sacs and airway.Role of health care worker looking after patient chronicle patient in the COPDRole of nurse in encouraging self-management is essential to facilitated positive healthoutcomes. As per the view of Hughes, 2004, role of community nurse is to assessment level ofindependence. When managing care for service user at their place, role of nurse is focused onpromoting patient independence and self-management. For example, in case of Martin role ofcommunity nurse will assist patient with activities of daily living. Support to patient in dailyliving activities comprise problem solving, decision making, resource use and effectivepartnerships. For instance, role of nurse is to assist patient with diet and fluid intake, socialinteraction, physical exercises, etc. Assistance to Martin in daily living activities bycommunity care nurse will include maintenance of sufficient intake of food, air and wate.Further, nurse will ensure balance between rest and activity, solitude and social interaction. Incontrast, Chang, 2015, stated that when assisting patient suffering from COPD at home role ofcommunity nurse is to provide emotional support to service user for which individual role is tofocus on fear, depression, stress and anxiety of patient. Thus, it can be said that assisting patientin daily living activities empower service user which boost individual behaviour. On the other hand, role of nurse when managing care for Martin will aim at preventingindividual from risk factors like exposure to tobacco smoke, occupation exposure to chemicalfumes, dust and burning fuel (COPD Causes and Risk Factors, 2019). This will be done bycommunity nurse by sharing knowledge about causes development and risk factors of COPDwith patient as per as her daughter who visit Martin for assistance.Educating patient and familywill comprise sharing of information about respiratory infections and annual flu vaccinationwhich is necessary to prevent patient and spread of diseases in community. In accordance withthis, community nurse will encourage self-management in patient by introducing attractingstrategy which can reduce exacerbations. Self- management of patient living with this chronic illness COPD in the communityPulmonary rehabilitation in remote community is very limited and therefore in case ofMartin home based pulmonary programmes can be helpful for improving exercise tolerance,quality of life and symptoms. According to Wood-Baker, 2012, self-management is a process by4
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