Circumcision: History, Effects, and Practices

Circumcision

Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................4
What is Circumcision?................................................................................................................4
History of Circumcision..............................................................................................................4
Why Circumcision?.....................................................................................................................4
Negative effect of Circumcision?................................................................................................5
Positive effect of Circumcision...................................................................................................5
Why Do Countries Still Practice Circumcision?.........................................................................5
Methodology....................................................................................................................................5
Types of investigation.................................................................................................................5
Data collection methods..............................................................................................................6
Sampling method........................................................................................................................6
Results .............................................................................................................................................6
Analysis of results............................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
Recommendations..........................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14
.......................................................................................................................................................14

Abstract
Circumcision can be described as surgical removal of foreskin of glans penis. It is done
as a medical treatment in order to solve specific health problem. However, in several countries,
circumcision take place due to some of religious and cultural values which is not appropriate for
health condition of an individual. However, it consist the history of circumcision which was
observed in Egyptian culture and further transferred to other religions or cultural believes.
Moreover, this attempt is really terrible for men which has minor benefits which can be
maintained by other easy means but it has severe effects on health status of an individuals.

Introduction
This topic is talking about circumcision on women and men, it’s side defects and benefit
in different countries. Currently man religious, traditional or cultural people and doctors are
experiencing the effect or the benefit of circumcision, in Jews and Islam mostly common both
religions talk only about the benefit of it, specially in men. Some countries even not legal to do
circumcision for men (Seleim and Elbarbary, 2016). From Europe, such as Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Romania, Sweden and Switzerland around 20% of men do circumcision and in the
United Kingdom only 15% do circumcision.
When we look at women traditional or cultural, most of African countries still do
circumcision for traditional reasons, which affects women’s sexual performance in a bad way.
Literature Review
What is Circumcision?
Circumcision is cutting or removing the foreskin from the genitals or penis of a male
human, and removing part of clitoris or some external female genital from female of human. In
this case, it’s called FGM Female Genital Mutilation (Xia and et. al., 2016).
History of Circumcision
The history is not known but some ancient Egyptian traditions have indicated the practice
of circumcision. With history of human migration and religious believes, circumcision practice
transcended among other cultures. In the Middle East, circumcision of male is widely practiced
through out the nations (Mpofu and et. al., 2017). As ancient Egyptians and the Semites, Jews
and Muslims carried the practice with them as they travelled. Australian Aborigines and
Polynesians, Aztec, Mayan civilization also inherited the practice mainly through traveling. The
oldest circumcision history being Egypt and the Pharaoh Ankh Mahor at Saqqara , 2400-2300
BCE. It was practiced for hygienic reasons, spiritual, intellectual development. In Thora, here w
bible, as well genesis and other Abrahamic religious mainly Jews and Muslims as well follow the
circumcision for complete removal of foreskin.
Why Circumcision?
Many cultures around the world practice circumcision because its thousands years
tradition. Many reasons are indicated to avoid sexually transmitted diseases, sacrifices, or