Civil Engineering Technology

This assessment consists of the complex which has to be built near the river bank and has to connect two main places of the London. The project involves risk in one way or other, the risk is considered in the project management plans that this risk may occur, therefore, all the safety measure have already taken by the civil engineers.

Civil Engineering Technology

Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
LO1:......................................................................................................................................................2
P1: Earthworks activities technique and the equipment’s..................................................................2
P2: Foundation methods of the complex............................................................................................2
P3: Culvert construction....................................................................................................................3
M1: Earthmoving operation...............................................................................................................4
LO2:......................................................................................................................................................5
P4: Risk faced on the construction site, safety arrangements for the excavations..............................5
P5: Safety measurements risk assessment and the method statements...............................................6
M2: Healthy legislation, practise of code to constructions sites........................................................7
LO3.......................................................................................................................................................8
P6: Geological conditions necessary for construction of buildings....................................................8
P7: Solution for the civil engineering according to the scenario........................................................9
M3: The environmental qualities of the geotechnical contexts to address the problem.....................9
LO4:....................................................................................................................................................10
P8: Highway design.........................................................................................................................10
P9: Proposal for new infrastructure.................................................................................................10
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................12
References:..........................................................................................................................................13

Introduction
This assessment consists of the complex which has to be built near the river bank and has to
connect two things of the city. Basically, the project involves risk in one way or other, the
risk is considered in the project management plans that this risk may occur, therefore, all the
safety measure have already taken by the civil engineers. This all things have been explaining
below it

LO1:
P1: Earthworks activities technique and the equipment.
Before doing any construction work there are some equipment’s required, which are common
in all construction, they are somewhat the earthworks that are the work and the equipment
should be related to the earthworks.
1) Dragline: This has the bucket in the upward direction and used to carry the things.
2) Grab: used to carry the soil from one place to another place.
3) Dumper: which carry the soil, stones etc.
4) Scraper: Used to carry the waste which was out while making the complex.
5) Backhoe: Kind of tractor which helps to take the waste from a small distance.
According to the scenario that, all the thing which they want to is mentioned above, they all
are important because there is highway as well as the river which reside over there near the
site.
P2: Foundation methods of the complex.
There are various foundations types namely:
1) Deep Foundation
2) Shallow Foundation
In the complex, these both foundations are used
A deep foundation is for the ground level, there are some arrangements have to be done like
plies, wall etc. This helps to do all the things.
1) Pile Foundation.
2) Cession Foundation.

3) Well, Foundation.
Shallow Foundation is for the lowest part of the ground also called as the basement. There are
the frim strata and the first hard foundation
1) Stepped Foundation.
2) Raft Foundation.
3) Inverted Arch Foundation.
4) Footing Foundation. Spread
Methods of constructions:
1. Usually, half brick thick and arch rings are built in the piers and the cement.
2. The excavation is leveled and compacted from the bottom.
3. The outward thrust, the design of the complex and the construction is caused by the arch
action.
4. The foundation should be thick because it has to take the load of the whole building.
P3: Culvert construction
As the complex is constructed near the bank of the river then there is the need of the culvert
which is defined as the tunnel under the roadways or the highways. This is completely
covered from four sides by the soil. On the roadways side construction there is the Box
culvert, Pipe culvert, and the arch culvert
For this construction, there is a need for the large pipe, concrete, polyethylene, aluminum,
Plastic, Steel. The precast of this culvert is can also be there.
Let’s see the types of culverts
1) Pipe-Arch Culvert: The shape of this is like the fishes so that all the waste can carry out
from this shape very easily without blocking the channel or the inlets.
2) Arch Culvert: This is a narrow wide passage, this consist of the artificial floor. Here the
arch culverts can also have steel arch but the thing is that it is more expensive.

3) Bridge Culvert: This culvert is used to create the bridge over the river, as in the scenario it
is mentioned that near the river the complex is built therefore there should be the bridge for
the vehicle to be traveled This consist of the surface of the pavement laid on the top.
4) Pipe Culvert: The shapes of the culvert are rounded in shape which has single or multiple
culverts, this has a larger diameter.
5) Box Culvert: This is basically the shape of rectangular where is there is the passage for the
persons to go; it is mainly used to create the underpass
M1: Earthmoving operation
Earthmoving operation: This includes the preparation of the site they consist of the
embankment, backfilling, preparing bus, road suffering, subbase, compaction, and subgrades.
Theses all equipment’s are all according to the man and the machine – hours they chose the
best method for the construction of the complex. To manage the earthmoving there are some
points to be kept in the mind that is:
1) Project management: In this phase, there is a proper project understand and there are
several steps taken in this phase such as
1.1) Planning: How the project wills going to build, what are the resources required.
1.2) Organizing: Where the project is suitable to build.
1.3) Staffing: How much manpower will be required to build the project.
1.4) Directing: The manager gives the direction or the flow of the project that how it will be
going to build.
1.5) Controlling: To test all the things are going properly to not on the site.
1.6) Executing: Finally, the complex is implemented with the process of project management.
There are some formula’s used:
1) Time- required completing the project:
Time Required: a unit of the time/unit of the work done.

2) Production Rate:
Production Rate: unit of the work is done a/unit of the time.
Volume can be measured in various ways in the construction site:
1) Compacted cubic yard: This stand for the 1 cubic yard of material compaction
2) Loose cubic yard: 1 cubic yard of material after the disturbed by the excavation process.
3) Bank cubic yard: 1 cubic yard of material, lies in undisturbed state.
LO2:
P4: Risk faced on the construction site, safety arrangements for the excavations.
A hazard comes from the excavations which may be dangerous for the worker working over
the construction site.
The hazards present on all the construction are :
 Unstable structures of adjacent.
 Incidents involving mobile equipment.
 The worker may fall into trenches or excavations.
 Tripping over equipment and spoil.
 Toxic and explosive gases
 Overhead electrical cables make be the most dangerous for working on the site.
Risk assessment for the excavation.
Basically, all the project involves risk in one way or other, the risk is considered in
the project management plans that this risk may occur, therefore, all the safety measure
have already taken by the civil engineers.
In the risk management of constructions there is the process followed:
1) Identify the hazard.
2) Consequences and probabilities of assessment.
3) Prioritize.

The above point comes under the category of the risk assessment.
1) Retain
2) Reduce
3) Remove
The above point comes under the category of the risk assessment.
There are some loses caused by the constructions:
 Workers may lead to accidents.
 Loss of experience.
 Property damage.
 Time and production lost.
 Reputation and business future loss.
Safety and health risk
If we go through the static there are average 8 people die every month but now this issue
is resolving by the process of legislation directly. There is various law built for this thing.
(Cooke & Williams, 2004, p83)
P5: Safety measurements risk assessment and the method statements
In construction there are various things involved in the construction:
 Thorough examination reports
 CDM plan and file
 Notifications
 Inspection reports
 Method statements
 Injuries and dangerous occurrences
 Risk assessments
1) Notifications: This involves the CDM project which helps for the construction in which
the client gives the project is writing to the HSE.
2) Risk assessments:

Specific assessment: a state in more detail here about the risk management, they include
the specific height, COSHH ( hazardous substance), manual handling, variation
General Assessment: The worker health and safety measure is required, the employer's
details are recorded that who are working on the site.
Method:
Demolition, Dismantling or structural for the arrangements where this all is recorded
before the work starts. This achieved by the statement which can be generated from the
risk so that the entire workers are safe enough. The workers who construct the complex
sign the deal in which accident injury and death are written although all the safety
measures take place for all the works. There is proper documentation of the work on the
site that should be recorded.
M2: Healthy legislation, the practice of code to constructions sites.
Basically, all the project involves risk in one way or other, the risk is considered in the
project management plans that this risk may occur therefore there should be a step taken to
keep the worker's healthy environment healthy etc.. There should be the practice of code
for construction can be done on the construction site. For commercial, civil or housing
construction there are:
1. Removal of the demolition
2. Maintenance of the structure.
3. Any work inked to excavation.
To manage the code practice there should be:
 Unstable structures of adjacent should be avoided.
 Incidents involving mobile equipment should be banned.
 The worker may fall into trenches or excavations, proper protection should be
there.
 Tripping over equipment and spoil should not be present there, it might get
hurt.
 From toxic and explosive gases prevention is proper
 Overhead electrical cables make be the most dangerous for working on the site.

LO3:
P6: Geological conditions necessary for construction of buildings
The complex is defined as the construct the solid barrier across a valley from where one
can see the view of water flowing.
The geological play a vital role in the selection of place where the project can be at it’s
best implemented.
A necessary condition for the construction of building with respect to geological are as
follow:
1. Weather Temperature
This is the most thing which climatic factor which affects the designing of the building
Although temperature may vary still there is a need of the geological.
2. Sunshine
The sun should come properly on the building so that it keeps the building warm, the
angle of sunshine depends on the various factor that is latitude, the proximity of air
change, vertical horizon etc.
3. Relative Humidity
Thus the is the amount of the humidity present in the air versus the amount of the
maximum humidity acceptable.
4. Soil Temperature
The soil is the big factor for construction, the temperature of the soil is for the
changeability of the temperature because of the air.
5. Wind direction: The blowing of the wind plays a vital role because there are many times
those might heavy winds blow and that time the building has to stand strong not to get fall
down.

P7: Solution for civil engineering according to the scenario.
1. The person who is supervising the worker will be responsible for the quality of the things
which are using for the construction, therefore, the supervisor will be masterminded, the civil
engineer should choose him wisely.
2. The working time should be managed in the most effective way.
3. The location of the complex should be little far from cities because the industries waste
may pollute the city.
4. The engineer should not maintain their friendship on the site.
5. Don’t take the stress of the thing, if planning is done properly and all things are going
according to the plans then no one should be stressful.
6. The engineer should move to the office daily by one by one to the tender engineer for
discussing everything.
7. If any of the engineers go at leave there should be someone substituting him.
M3: The environmental qualities of the geotechnical contexts to address the problem.
The geological play a vital role in the selection of place where the project can
be at its best implemented a hazard, which may be dangerous for the worker
working over the construction site. The hazards present on all the construction
present, incidents involving mobile equipment, tripping over equipment and
spoil, the electrical cables make be the most dangerous for the working on the
site, the worker may fall into trenches, unstable structures of adjacent, toxic and
explosive gases. Basically all the project involves risk in one way or other , the
risk is considered in the project management plans that this risk may occur
therefore all the safety measure have already taken by the civil engineers , there
should be no stress of the thing, if planning is done properly and all things are
going according to the plans then no one should be stressful. Even if the
geological situation goes wrong then also engineers should work peacefully.

LO4:
P8: Highway design
Highway design is the most sensitive design because in this there has to be the take care of
many things because there are the heavy vehicles pass over the highway.
There is also the project management
Project management: In this phase, there is a proper project understand and there are several
steps taken in this phase such as
 Planning: How the project wills going to build, what are the resources required.
 Organizing: Where the highway is suitable to build or not.
 Design: Construction of the highway.
 Development: Building the highway according to the design.
There is also one more factor on which the highway construction is depended that is
flexibility available for highway or not.
 Right to way: checkpoint
 Bidding
 Construction
P9: Proposal for new infrastructure
The scenario of this proposal is like there is the complex or the shopping mall near the beach
side of London so this will help to increase the production for the mall also the visitor who
visits the beach can take the items from the mall, from the beach it should be before the
branch of approx. 1km so that if anything happens to the beach the complex should be safe.
M4: Analysing the method for bridge foundation, flexible highway construction.
In this there is the particular bridge foundations are created because the bridge is created
between two things where there is no surface area, the bridge is in the air only so make it
more strong stand all the passers can pass, they must carry the entire weight of the bridge
of all the traffic.
Foundations are of various types:
 Pilling: Sheets are pilling at 3 feet at a time it consists of vent holes, bracing etc.

 Spread Footing: Deals with the foundation and the drill logs which have the
actual material foundations
 Drilled Shafts: helps in drilling, also helps in tube wells etc..
There is excavation needed it can be of two types that are wet and dry
In wet, there is water which can be from underground in that case that excavation called as
the wet excavation
In dry, there is no water that case that excavation called as the dry excavation.

Conclusion
There is a complex which has the industries and they want to be constructed over near the
river and want to connect two main places of the London so above assessment consist of the
suggestions that how they can build or construct the site in the best way so there will be no
issue to the engineer all the things are explained in the best way and the easiest way. They
will help you to create the most strong build where all the safety measures have taken so that
no workers lose their life’s and also no disease spread through the hazard which lies over the
site.

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