Civil Engineering Technology: Activities, Techniques, and Equipment

This document discusses the activities, techniques, and equipment used in civil engineering technology. It covers topics such as earthworks, creation of complex foundations, underpass construction, and safety arrangements. It also explores the evaluation of quality, economic, geotechnical, and environmental aspects of construction projects.

Civil Engineering
Technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Task 1.....................................................................................................................................1
Activities, techniques and equipment of earthworks....................................................1
Creation of complex foundations, drainage works and piling works using different methods
.......................................................................................................................................2
Underpass construction, culvert construction & provision for utilities methods..........3
Task 2.....................................................................................................................................3
Hazards & safety arrangements for working in confined spaces, excavations, working
within temporary works on highways & working on structures..................................3
Developing and presenting a risk assessments & site safety plan................................4
Task 3.....................................................................................................................................5
Evaluation of quality, economic, geotechnical & environmental context of a given problem
.......................................................................................................................................5
Proposing a resolution to a given problem....................................................................6
Task 4.....................................................................................................................................6
Developing a new infrastructure project in context of civil engineering design..........6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
References:.......................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Civil engineering technology can be defined as the architectural field in which
construction of buildings and roads takes place in a safe and sustainable manner (Nnaji, Lee,
Karakhan and Gambatese, 2018). Given scenario states the construction of the highway and the
following discussions is made in context of highway construction such as activities, techniques
and equipment of earthworks, creation of complex foundations, drainage works and piling works
using different methods, underpass construction, culvert construction & provision for utilities
methods, hazards & safety arrangements for working in confined spaces, excavations, working
within temporary works on highways & working on structures, developing and presenting a risk
assessments & site safety plan, evaluation of quality, economic, geotechnical & environmental
context of a given problem, proposing a resolution to a given problem, developing a new
infrastructure project in context of civil engineering design with proper findings and conclusion.
MAIN BODY
Task 1
Activities, techniques and equipment of earthworks
Excavators
It is one of the technique of earthworks that is the excavators which means that it consist
of the dipper, boom, bucket and rotation facility so that it can be bake to pick up the raw
materials and can transfer from one place to another in a safe manner.
Backhoe loader
It is an another technique of earthworks that is the backhoe loader which means that it has
a similar work to a excavators and it has a truck like structure used to work on the materials for
the construction process makes the work easier.
Bulldozer
It is also the one of the technique of earthworks that is the bulldozer which means that it
has a tractor like work which is used to push and pull the soil, sand, stones, rubble and many
more materials which makes the work convenient (Wang, Niu, Chen and Dong, 2020).
Skid-steer loader
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It is also an another technique of earthworks that is the skid-steer loader which means
that it is a machine which is a small, engine-powered and rigid frame machine use to carry a
wide variety of labour saving tools or attachments.
Motor grader
It is one of the technique of earthworks that is the motor grader which means that it is a
construction machine which consist long blade that is used to create the surface in a flat form at
the time of grading process.
Creation of complex foundations, drainage works and piling works
using different methods
Explosion
It is an another method to create the piling and drainage works that is the explosion which
means that it is a ground modification method in which the release of the energy from setting off
explosives inducing artificial effects in earthquake which compact the layers of the soil.
Vibration
It is also the one of the method to create the piling and drainage works that is the
vibration which means that they are the oscillatory motions which are experiences through floors
or flat surface areas either in a vertical or in a horizontal manner (Somboonpisan and Limsawasd,
2021).
Jacking
It is also an another method to create the piling and drainage works that is the jacking
which means that it is highly involved in a rectangular site cast or other shaped sections which
uses high capacity hydraulic jacks. The structure is generally reinforced concrete at a site to
where it is being installed.
Jetting
It is one of the method to create the piling and drainage works that is the jetting which
means that it is a process to make a jet liquids under high pressure to develop the guided bore
through loose soil in order to clean the downhole drilling components.
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Underpass construction, culvert construction & provision for utilities
methods
Earth road method
It is one of the method used in culvert and underpass construction that is the earth road
method which means that it is famous in rural and semi rural areas, it does not require much skill
to implement but need machinery such as rollers and excavators.
Gravel road
It is an another method used in culvert and underpass construction that is the gravel
method which means that it is famous in rural, semi urban and semi rural areas, it has a similar
process just like earth road but it adds the layer of gravel as well.
Bituminous road
It is also the one of the method used in culvert and underpass construction that is the
bituminous road which means that it is the most used method because of its flexibility as it is
made up of four layers in which the bottom layer is the thickest and the top layer is the thinnest
one (Ibrahim and Shaker, 2019).
Water bound macadam
It is also an another method used in culvert and underpass construction that is the water
bound macadam which means that it is the method which includes the interlocked aggregates
which are broken and are bound with water and filler materials in which there is a compactness
of the base course.
Concrete road
It is one of the method used in culvert and underpass construction that is the concrete
road which means that this method uses the combination of Portland cement and asphalt. It is
most famous in the urban areas in which the edges are made thicker than the middle portion.
Task 2
Hazards & safety arrangements for working in confined spaces,
excavations, working within temporary works on highways &
working on structures
Hazards
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Falling
It is one of the hazard at construction site that is the falling which means that there are
various objects which cannot be controlled at height by the human beings and even with the
machine as well so sometimes they fall and destroy the major activities of construction.
Being struck by an object
It is an another hazard at construction site that is the being struck by an object which
means that materials at the site are hard and tough to carry so there is a risk to manage and
control such hazard of not struck the by an object as it can take the life of a person also
(Thapanont, Santi and Pruethipong, 2018).
Getting caught in equipment
It is also an another hazard at construction site that is the getting caught in equipment
which means that machines used at the site is not safe in using even by the experts as well
because they can change its behaviour of working at any case so it is important to make the
safety measures for the same.
Safety arrangements
Wear high visibility clothing
It is one of the safety arrangements at construction site that is the wear high visibility
clothing which means that the human who are working at the site must be provided with the
clothing which us safe for them and safeguards them from any hazardous incident such as
visibility in clothing can help for the same.
Understanding communication signals
It is an another safety arrangements at construction site that is the understanding
communication signals which means that people are required to taught the signals at the site
which are risky so that they can not perform those activities which can be hazardous for them.
Developing and presenting a risk assessments & site safety plan
Prevent traffic from entering work areas
It is one of the risk assessment at construction site that is the prevention traffic from
entering work areas which means that how would be able to know the people that any
construction work is going on the further road, so therefore, some signals must be provided in
order to warn about risk ahead.
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Provide protection to workers
It is an another risk assessment at construction site that is the protection to workers which
means that workers who are working at the site must be provided with the safety equipment such
as helmets, protective clothing, hand gloves and many more so that they cannot suffer any risk
regarding it (Chini, Ptschelinzew, Minchin Jr and Shah, 2018).
Separate two-way traffic
It is also the one of the risk assessment at construction site that is the separate two way
traffic which means that at the site, it is important to manage the traffic either in the one sided or
in the two way road as per the needs and requirements of the construction without getting any
hurt to the people or any one.
Task 3
Evaluation of quality, economic, geotechnical & environmental
context of a given problem
Recycling of Cement Concrete Pavement Slabs
It is one of the environmental context at construction site that is the recycling of cement
concrete pavements slabs which means that concrete slabs which are cemented can be recycled
and used again in further process without any wastage so it must be recycled for better
sustainability.
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
It is an another environmental context at construction site that is the reclaimed asphalt
pavement which means that asphalt type which can be reclaimed must be surely done as it saves
cost and time to recreate the same in order to maintain sustainability in construction.
Hot Mix Asphalt Bag house Fines and Sustainable Pavements
It is also the one of the environmental context at construction site that is the hot mix
asphalt bag house fines and sustainable pavements which means that the gases which are used
are combined with the dust particles and needed to be separated out for sustainability (Alleman
and Tran, 2020).
Blast Furnace Slag in Sustainable Pavements
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It is also an another environmental context at construction site that is the blast furnace
slag in sustainable pavements which means that the usage of slag in the form of blast furnace can
provide better sustainability to the construction.
Proposing a resolution to a given problem
Training road construction workers
It is one of the solution that is the training road construction workers which means that
developing and educating the workers is necessary about the methods and techniques of
construction process along with the risks associated with it followed by the measures taken to
sort out the hazards.
Decreasing the fossil fuels energy consumption
It is an another solution that is the decreasing the fossil fuels energy consumption which
means that using of the fossil fuels must be reduced so that there could be the less chances of risk
and moreover, it can also maintain the sustainability at the site (Sohu, Jhatial, Ullah and
Shahzaib, 2018).
Using dust control measures
It is also the one of the solution that is the using dust control measures which means that
taking the measures of controlling the dust is an essential function because it helps the workers to
conveniently work at the site without any rusk of health problems (Noorzai, 2020).
Dynamic paint
It is one of the solution that is the dynamic paint which means that the materials which is
used by the owner of the construction such as paint must be used in a dynamic form because it
contains the mixture of several elements which reduces the risks of getting any health problems
to living beings.
Task 4
Developing a new infrastructure project in context of civil engineering
design
Innovation, Technological and economic Feasibility
It is one of the part of design proposal that is the innovation, technological and economic
feasibility which means that analysis of the new idea along with the technical and economic
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study is an essential feasibility so that availability of resources can be determined and budgets as
well (Ruggeri, Fruzzetti and Scarpelli, 2019).
Design Methodology
It is an another part of design proposal that is the design methodology which means that
paper prototype is important to design before switching to the direct implementation of it so that
it can get the idea of execution process.
Physical Structures
It is also the one of the part of design proposal that is the physical structures which means
that formation of the physical structure is necessary so that the sequencing can be easy to figure
out about the process in construction and implementation part (Al-Zwainy and Mezher, 2018).
Construction Site Environment
It is one of the part of design proposal that is the constriction site environment which
means that examining and scanning of the environment of the construction site is crucial to know
about the toughness of the land and many more analysis so that accordingly materials can be
used to construct (Antoniou and Aretoulis, 2018).
Computer-Aided Engineering
It is also the one of the part of design proposal that is the computer aided engineering
which means that with the help of the technology and information systems, construction
designing can be more attractive, comfortable and animated one so that real time execution of the
process can be more in a potential, effective and efficient manner.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that civil engineering technology is an important concept to learn in order
to apply it in the real life organizations, therefore it is important to analyse the activities,
techniques and equipment of earthworks, it is essential to examine the creation of complex
foundations, drainage works and piling works using different methods, it is necessary to
determine the underpass construction, culvert construction & provision for utilities methods, it is
significant to know about the hazards & safety arrangements for working in confined spaces,
excavations, working within temporary works on highways & working on structures, it is crucial
to developing and presenting a risk assessments & site safety plan, it is required to perform the
evaluation of quality, economic, geotechnical & environmental context of a given problem, it is
needed to proposing a resolution to a given problem and it is imperative to developing a new
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infrastructure project in context of civil engineering design. Hence, this report covers all such
areas to better understand the conception of civil engineering technology.
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References:
Books and Journals
Al-Zwainy, F.M. and Mezher, R.A., 2018. Diagnose the causes of cost deviation in highway
construction projects by using root cause analysis techniques. Arabian Journal for
Science and Engineering. 43(4). pp.2001-2012.
Alleman, D. and Tran, D., 2020. Challenges of implementing progressive design-build in
highway construction projects. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in
Engineering and Construction. 12(1). p.04519036.
Antoniou, F. and Aretoulis, G.N., 2018. Comparative analysis of multi-criteria decision making
methods in choosing contract type for highway construction in Greece. International
journal of management and decision making. 17(1). pp.1-28.
Chini, A., Ptschelinzew, L., Minchin Jr, R.E. and Shah, D., 2018. Industry attitudes toward
alternative contracting for highway construction in Florida. Journal of Management in
Engineering. 34(2). p.04017055.
Ibrahim, A.H. and Shaker, M.A., 2019. Sustainability index for highway construction
projects. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 58(4). pp.1399-1411.
Nnaji, C., Lee, H.W., Karakhan, A. and Gambatese, J., 2018. Developing a decision-making
framework to select safety technologies for highway construction. Journal of
construction engineering and management. 144(4). p.04018016.
Noorzai, E., 2020. Performance Analysis of Alternative Contracting Methods for Highway
Construction Projects: Case Study for Iran. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 26(2).
p.04020003.
Ruggeri, P., Fruzzetti, V.M.E. and Scarpelli, G., 2019, July. Lessons Learnt from the SS 106
Jonica Highway Construction Works. In National Conference of the Researchers of
Geotechnical Engineering (pp. 734-742). Springer, Cham.
Sohu, S., Jhatial, A.A., Ullah, K. and Shahzaib, J., 2018. Determining the critical success factors
for highway construction projects in Pakistan. Engineering, Technology & Applied
Science Research. 8(2). pp.2685-2688.
Somboonpisan, J. and Limsawasd, C., 2021. Environmental Weight for Bid Evaluation to
Promote Sustainability in Highway Construction Projects. Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management. 147(4). p.04021013.
Thapanont, P., Santi, C. and Pruethipong, X., 2018. Causes of delay on highway construction
projects in Thailand. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 192, p. 02014). EDP
Sciences.
Wang, S., Niu, F., Chen, J. and Dong, Y., 2020. Permafrost research in China related to express
highway construction. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 31(3). pp.406-416.
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