Civil Engineering Technology : Assignment
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Added on 2021-01-01
Civil Engineering Technology : Assignment
Added on 2021-01-01
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CIVIL ENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1Earthworks, equipment and techniques.......................................................................................1Methods to create complex foundations, piling work and drainage work...................................1Culverts and underpasses and methods used in culvert and underpass construction..................2Methods utilised in complex earth moving operations................................................................3Methods used in ground and slop stability..................................................................................3TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4Identification of Hazards, risks and safety arrangements while working in confined spaces orstructures or any temporary works..............................................................................................4Develop a Safety plan, risk assessments and method statements................................................4Health and safety legislation and codes of practice at engineering sites such as provided in thegiven scenario..............................................................................................................................5Justification of Site safety plan, risk assessments and method statements report.......................5TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6Explore, evaluate and propose environmental, quality, geotechnical and economic contests ofa civil engineering problem.........................................................................................................6Proposal for identifying environmental, geotechnical, quality and economic contexts of theproblem........................................................................................................................................6TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7a) Methods and techniques which will be used in highway design and a proposal for the newinfrastructure access for project...................................................................................................7b) Methods and techniques used to create bridge foundations and flexible highwayconstruction foundations and key criteria including key geotechnical parameters.....................7REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTIONThe initial conceptual design and implementation on an industrial complex separatedfrom one of the highway by a large flowing river that flows parallel highways which is linked tothe international airport. The report includes about earthworks, equipments and techniques usedfor construction of this complex. It also describes methods for complex foundation, pile worksand drainage works as the river is about 20 m wide lies in the middle. Therefore, design ofculverts and underpasses are necessary for the complex infrastructure. It also analyses methodsused for deep excavation for the basements of office blocks and techniques which can be usedfor slope stability.TASK 1Earthworks, equipment and techniquesFrom the above scenario, the industrial complex site near the main road will require landworks which are involved in the construction of most buildings. This includes eliminatingrevelations to reach land, digging work for basements and other underground structures, andmaking patches for soil maintenance. The type of earthwork will be used here is land gradingwhich will help to reconfigure the topography of a site, or to stabilize slopes. To achieve therequired topography cutting and filling are required. Usually, heavy construction equipment is used because of the amount of material beingmoved - up to millions of cubic meters. General excavators are scrapers and other ground drivingmachines such as loaders, dump trucks, graders, bulldozers, excavators and backhoe loaders. As the area of industrial complex is large i.e. 1 km x 1 km, therefore method used herewill be section method. This method makes a part for each row of values. The cutting and fillingsurface is determined for each line using the trapezoidal method or the net area calculationmethod. Then the volume is determined by multiplying the average area by the distance betweensections. This method is more accurate, but for larger areas as sometimes it gets difficult tocalculate area so, there is need to find the intersection of the point where lines representingsurface meets. Mathematically very good and therefore accepted in most infrastructure projectssuch as projects including roads, irrigation projects, railway projects, etc.Methods to create complex foundations, piling work and drainage workFoundations: The methods to create complex foundation are of two types shallow and deepfoundations. Shallow foundation is used when the ground surface is strong and stiff enough to1
support the load imposed. They are generally not suitable for weak or very thick soils, such aspatches that are not well packed, modern peat, sea and alluvial deposits, and others. In deepfoundation, the inner sub-surface is too deep below the earth's surface for their base bearingcapacity to be affected by surface conditions, usually at depths> 3 meters below the surface.Diaphragm walls are very suitable for construction of very deep retaining walls and are oftenseen alongside top-down construction techniques. This allows the implementation ofconstruction work on the ground, while at the same time civil engineering work continues.Piling works: The piling works includes drop hammer method of pile driving or displacementtechnique in which pre cast concrete, timber piles are driven and pile driving by vibrating orreplacement technique in which large diameter rotary piles are used. Drainage works: The drainage methods includes shallow drains which aims to reduce surfacewater and thereby reduce pore pressure to a much lower level. This is the easiest channel torepair, but is easily damaged and another is deep drains which have the function of changing theshape of permeation flow on slope material.Illustration 1: Surface drainage on a slope(Source: Drainage methods, 2019)§Culverts and underpasses and methods used in culvert and underpass constructionAs per above scenario methods for designing culvert can be used is low water crossings and fordwhich are roads and paths that must be overcome by high flow, debris or ice flow. They can bethe desired alternative for culverts and bridges. These are the utilities which can be supplied for2
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