Classical and Scientific Management Theory

Approaches to
organisation using
Theories

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART A...........................................................................................................................................1
Classical and scientific management - The Classical school The Scientific–Rational approach
................................................................................................................................................1
Criticism of Classical approaches and The Human Relations school....................................3
PART B............................................................................................................................................4
Customer-orientation..............................................................................................................4
Cultural Excellence................................................................................................................5
Organizational culture............................................................................................................5
Japanese Management- the Japanese approach......................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Organizational theories includes various approaches to organizational analysis (Mokhtari
and et.al., 2012). These theories includes the various rational system perspective, division of
labour, bureaucratic theory, and contingency theory. This report includes the classic and
neoclassic approaches to organization with relevant theories.
PART A
Classical and scientific management - The Classical school The Scientific–Rational approach
Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management: This theory was developed by the
Frederick Taylor in 1909 with have a mechanical engineering background (Hoey, 2012). The
main focus of that theory on efficiency. He published the principles of scientific management
which tells that with the help of optimizing and simplifying jobs, productivity would be
increased. The new idea introduced through that theory is about the cooperation of managers
with their employees at workplace. According to the theory of Taylor the motivation of workers
depend on the money which paid to them for their work. Before introducing that theory the
superiors have very little contact with their workers but after the implementation of that theory
the working conditions were improved. Now in those days workers have great contact with their
superiors so that they have rare conflict among the workers. The main focus of that theory to
motivate employee by monetary benefits only.
Henry Fayol's theory and principles of Management and Organization: Henry
Fayol's theory introduced by Henry Fayol in 1929. He provided 14 principles of management
which helps in better management in a organization. This theory brings to of the previous one
because it provides more principles of management which helps a organization in achieving their
Goal. These principles are the basic guidelines to management of organization as whole. These
principles are introduce by Henry Fyol on the basis of his long experience which he gained from
his managerial post. These principles are as follows:
Division of work According to that principle the whole work will be divided into specific
job or tasks, which will allotted to the employees as per their interest and their skills and
capabilities so that the standards of work can be achieved successfully. Authority and
responsibility- according to that there should be a good balance between authority and
responsibility, a employee have must be sufficient authorities to perform their responsibilities.