Classification and Sources of Law in UK: A Study on Tort Law

This report provides an analysis of the classification and sources of law in the UK, with a focus on tort law. It covers the role of courts, case law, methods of making legislation, and delegated legislation. The report also discusses the duty of care, causation, and vicarious liability in tort law.

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
PART 1 (Classification of law)........................................................................................................3
Analyse laws and also identification with legal systems in UK. ...............................................3
Classification of laws made in English Legal system.................................................................4
Role of Courts.............................................................................................................................4
PART 2 (Source of Law).................................................................................................................5
Elaborate and define Case law....................................................................................................5
Explain methods of making Legislation.....................................................................................5
Elaborate meaning and examples of Delegated Legislation......................................................6
PART 3 (UK Law making process).................................................................................................6
Law of Torts................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
In the emerging time there is been seen that there is a lot more emphasis on the smooth
functioning of business. It involves all the legality and the security as in context to UK. Their is a
being seen that in all the changing time there is some amendments and necessary changes that
are being led in legal areas. Law comprise of all the rules and regulations with the body of
practises that are being made under it. In order to manage proper working and protection in the
society there is being involved all the legislation and the core practises that are related to it. The
organisations will have to manage all the legal issues and their working(Pastorini and et. al.
2018). In this report a sources of law along with classification in criminal and the civil matters
are made. It will also provide all the statutory duties which are being led out in employment law.
PART 1 (Classification of law)
Analyse laws and also identification with legal systems in UK.
It is a supreme authority which promotes all the regulations and the rules with the help of
government and all the supreme legislative authority. It considers to have all the systematic
approach in which the work and the rights are properly being managed according to the
principles which are being led out in individuals. The legal system manages and provide all the
individuals to behave and maintain their working according to the work and the analysation. UK
has unwritten constitution in which it is not wholly codified. Their involves all the house of
Lords and House of Commons the two important houses which will deal with the law making
process. The House of commons manages the law implementing and formulating in
authoritative sense. Whereas, house of lords are generally the one which examines, investigates
and manages all the work and functions with bills and their embedded areas. Their is also
considered that the common law or the judge made law plays an important role as they promotes
all the rules and the regulations which are being made by the judges while giving judgements and
that creates a binding impact on all the individuals. Law in UK reflects all the systematic
approach with regulating and imposing work and management(Infantino, 2021).

Classification of laws made in English Legal system
Their are certain laws which creates a major impact on all the legal system and their
working with change in the management and also with all the abiding conditions in the society
they are mainly: Civil law- This law considers to be an important source for all the protection and the
property rights and also provides the vary nature through which the organisation and the
business can be managed in proper manner. It involves all such issues which are
concerned with property and variable injury on person basis. The civil court reflects and
manage the family disputes, personal injury and all the rights in relation to property. The
major cases regarding the rights of the property are being taken through county court,
supreme court and high court. Here the remedies that are being decided under it are like
damages, injunction and compensatory issues. All these are made in order to protect the
person and their personal rights(Silchenko, 2018).
 Criminal law- there is analysed that it is important tp protect the rights and the duties of
the individual and to manage and make them feel safe in the society. For this criminal
law is made it gives all the rights and the rules in which the person should have to work.
They are mainly all such conditions in which all the offences and the issues are covered.
It includes all the heinous offences like murder, rape, sexual assault, fraud and many
more. The courts which will deal in all such matters are like youth justice court, crown
court, Queens bench, supreme court and High court. The punishment which are being
decided under this is imprisonment, fine and even death penalty. The main reason for all
theses criminal law is to manage the endurance and also legality through which all
effectiveness can be concerned(Sharma, 2020).
Role of Courts High court- Her Majesty High court London is known for their working and
management in which all the appeals from the lower courts are managed. All the previous
decisions which were being made earlier creates a binding impact on all. It involves all
the issues in relation to Chancery divisions, Queens bench, family court and many more.
In all such areas there is being seen that two or judges are involved in the divisional
bench and queens bench considers to have single bench to mange all the decisions
making. All the appeals which are made as in contrast to the decisions that are being

given in the high court will be embedded in supreme court. They manage the decision
making and general process of working.
 Supreme court- It is the superior court which is concerned with all the final judgements
and matters that are embedded in it. Their is been seen that it convolves all the
responsibilities and powers through which the decision raised by them will be final and
applicable on all. No appeal can be raised once the decision is being given by the
supreme court. It maintain law and order and their involves all the rules and regulations
to be concerned for the general public importance.
PART 2 (Source of Law)
Elaborate and define Case law
The doctrine of judicial precedents are concerned top be a factor of case law. It is mainly
the laws and the judgement which are being given by the superior court while dealing in any
landmark cases by analysing all the facts, evidence. The judgement which are given by judges
will not only be binding on the parties but also on the society and the other future cases in any of
the same formation of scenarios(Pokhodzylo and Malenko, 2019). This manages the
constitutionality and the management through which the relevancy is concerned. UK has
unwritten constitution and there is being seen that all those areas and cases where the protection
of the rights of the individuals life, dignity is managed it will be treated as an important core and
helps in evaluating all the legality and effectiveness in future programs and judgements. The
doctrine of stare decisive is mainly implied to stand on all which manages that all the judgement
being raised will be severable important(Bur and Razman, 2017).
Explain methods of making Legislation
Legislation is mainly the enactment of law with all the rules and regulations in order to
manage the working and the general abidance through which individuals get the law and the
rights. In UK in order to make the framing of legislation their were bill is being passed among
both the houses and this will cover certain stages before getting the amendments. Their involves
that all the laws, culture and the rules are in framed within and this generates essential meaning
through which necessary changes, amendments are made. Their involves that in all the bill
loopholes are analysed and that creates a major changes in the framing of bill. The voting is also
being made between the houses through which the laws and the framing of work can be

maintained. Once the bill gets the assent of the monarch then it will applied as a rule on all and
will be applied on whole of UK.
Elaborate meaning and examples of Delegated Legislation.
This is the shifting the power to other subordinate authority it involves all the secondary
legislation through which all the law making is managed and the functioning is carried out.
Mainly the delegated legislation is given to all such person who are well aware with all the
power and the knowledge about the concerned areas in their expertise. It manage all the
capabilities through which the implications of rules are being made. This is a time saving process
which promotes the proper law ,making system. The main concerning areas and example of
delegated legislations are like regulations, by-laws, order, councils and many more. It is
secondary legislation through which all the effective system and management are made and this
provides the functions and the altering of power within different areas. The criteria for all such
control is to manage all the legislation in proper way and to authorise the proper subordinates to
mange it (DeFond, Lennox and Zhang, 2018).
PART 3 (UK Law making process)
Law of Torts
Duty of Care in Tort of Negligence
The individuals should always owes a duty of care towards other as while performing any
act or function. This is one of the essential element of tort in which all the person have the
responsibility to take all the care and caution while doing any act. The main focus through this is
to avoid any kind of injury being made between the parties. Every persons should opt and
manage the functions and the work in proper manner through which the harms and the issues can
be avoided. In order to manage the functions their should be seems that all the harms should be
avoided and their have to be taken all the substantial action for any kind of breach being seen
over their. Negligence is mainly the breach of legal duty which was being on the person to take
care of all the actions that are being performed by them. And this implies the duty to care for the
person and their performance(Ge, 2019).
Causation in Tort of Negligence
This provides all the major branches in which the strict liability, negligence and
intentional wrongs are concerned. This is a forseeability in which the person will have foreseen

all the conditions and try to avoid any kin of injury within their. This is mainly the proximate
cause for forseeability through which all the tortious injuries can be foreseen and this implicate
all the liabilities which are not being imposed in it. It focus on managing all the terms and the
conditions in which reasonable forseeability will have to be made so as to avoid any kind of
harm to the individuals. Their should not be any kind of intentional wrong being made between
the working so as to manage the effectiveness of business and their general organisational
context and working (Waldron, 2018).
Vicarious Liability
It is the responsibilities of any other persons act for the reasons and the cats which are
being done by another. This usually happen s in the case where all the agents and principles use
to work or in the case of master servant liability. Here the performance of act of servant or agent
or their breach will effect and make the principles or master being liable for the work. All the
liabilities and the issues are being commonly shared and they considers to mange the effective
working within their relation. For example, if construction is made by agent on behalf of
principle and some miss-happening over that place will make them both liable for the issue.
CONCLUSION
From this report is is analysed that law is the command given by the superior authorities
through which all the regulations and the legal implications are managed. It considers to have all
the systematic working through which law making is enforced. UK comprise of unwritten
constitution and there is mainly laws being make through bill is introduced in with the houses
like commons and lords. The case laws are mainly the judges made law that provides judicial
precedents over all the legislation and management. Further it is also analysed that, tort is a civil
wrong and the vicarious liability is mainly when the one person is responsible for all the act
performed by other.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Silchenko, N., 2018. Problems of hierarchy of sources of law. Gosudarstvo i pravo, (4), pp.13-
20.
Pokhodzylo, Y.M. and Malenko, V.V., 2019. Sources of Law of the Central Part of Spain
Regulating Public Relations within the Territorial Society in the XI-The First Half of the
XIV Century. L. & Innovative Soc'y, p.87.
Ge, J., 2019. Sources of Consumer Contract Law. In A Comparative Analysis of Policing
Consumer Contracts in China and the EU (pp. 33-74). Springer, Singapore
Bur, A. and Razman, M.R., 2017. Application on the law of tort focusing on private nuisance
towards sustainablity land conservation. International Information Institute (Tokyo).
Information. 20(9A). pp.6305-6311.
Sharma, P., 2020. Economic Analysis of Tort Liability. International Journal of Law, 6.
Infantino, M., 2021. Book Review: Thomas Kadner Graziano, Comparative Tort Law. Cases,
Materials and Exercises, Abingdon: Routledge, 2018.
Pastorini, A., and et. al. 2018. Medico-legal aspects of tort law patient safeguards within the
Gelli-Bianco piece of legislation. La Clinica Terapeutica. 169(4). pp.e170-e177.
Waldron, J., 2018. Legislation and moral neutrality. In Liberal neutrality (pp. 69-91). Routledge.
DeFond, M.L., Lennox, C.S. and Zhang, J., 2018. The primacy of fair presentation: Evidence
from PCAOB standards, federal legislation, and the courts. Accounting Horizons. 32(3). pp.91-
100.