Tooth developmental disorder - Cleft Palate
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Added on 2019-11-08
Tooth developmental disorder - Cleft Palate
Added on 2019-11-08
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Running head: CLEFT PALATETooth developmental disorder- Cleft PalateName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
1CLEFT PALATECraniofacial interruptions occur between 4th-10th weeks of embryological growth. Duringthese stages, the mouth and nose of the fetus develop between 5th-12th weeks. The palatine ledgesin fetus join at the middle and form the back of palate. If this joining gets interrupted, a gapappears and results in the formation of a cleft in the palate. Cleft palate is the second commonbirth anomaly worldwide. It has a prevalence of 7.75-10.63% per 10,000 births in the U.S(Mahabir et al., 2014). The completed palate is formed by the fusion of primary and secondary palates that areseparated by incisive foramen, forms a complete cleft palate. The primary palate, formed byfusion of medial nasal prominences contains hard palate, located anterior to the incisive foramenand maxillary alveolar arch, which has 4 incisors. Secondary palate formation soon follows. Thebilateral maxillary process gives out shelf like outgrowths during the 6th week. They verticallygrow down on either sides of the tongue. The tongue moves inferiorly and migration of thepalatal shelves occur above them, to a horizontal position. Uvular fusion and palatal fusion occurin anterior-posterior direction. When these medial and maxillary nasal prominences fail to fuseunilaterally or bilaterally, unilateral and bilateral cleft lips are formed with or without primarypalate (Allori et al., 2017). When the palatal shelves fail to fuse, secondary palate clefts areformed. Palatal clefts are also produced by a reduction in the space of oral cavities. This impedesthe displacement of tongue in downward direction. They lead to facial deformity, speechdisorders, hearing impairment, feeding problems and psychological issues. Geneticpredisposition may lead to this malformation (Farronato et. al., 2014). Evidence has been foundthat correlate formation of cleft palate to teratogen exposure in early pregnancy. Some of thedrugs that can increase the risk of this congenital abnormality are ondansetron, benzodiazepine,dilantine, barbiturates and valproic acid. Retrospective studies show that maternal exposure to
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