Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Australia: A Literature Review

[Date]
Environmental systems
and climate change

Environmental Systems and Climate Change P a g e | 1
Climate changes is deliberated a major threat towards biodiversity because
environmental distribution of right habitat for several plant species is likely to transform with
wide series of growths and reductions in few cases enhancing the major risk that is related to
population isolation. This literature review include various tools used for identifying the
changes in the climate and its effects according to many authors. Vulnerable species that are
majorly seen in rainforest groups are measured to be very predominantly vulnerable to
changes in climate because of the traits that include narrow thermal tolerances, moderately
minor population sizes and constrained distributions as well. Historical changes in the climate
which has taken place in late Quaternary Period has led to major contraction of Australian
rainforest majorly affected the refuge who persisted below historical climate fluctuations.
Nevertheless, this report also contains huge changes in temperature and variation in
precipitation under the projected variations in climate have potential to contract or increase
the range of habitat of already existing patchy rainforest communities in Australia.
Subtropical rainforests dwell the interface that takes place between tropical and temperate
influences, therefore projected changes in the conditions of climate have an adverse impact on
those communities. Subtropical rainforest communities that are found in Southeast
Queensland have a huge number of species diversity and it contains large number of
endangered and exposed species. However, vegetarians in these regions are highly fragmented
and nearly 56% of the major vegetarians are removed because of extensive terrestrial clearing
and large species are now at hazard of destruction (Sgro, Lowe & Hoffmann, 2011). Here the
following literature review will discuss the major ideas of many authors based on the climatic
effects on Australia.
According to the study conducted by Proosdij (2016), it was found that changes in the
climate has adversely affected the huge number of species particularly to plants in the entire
world. Species distribution model also known as SDMs are widely used for project future
habitat dispersals of a species by using climate change scenarios. This model is positively
useful on minor numbers of incidence archives. One of the widely used is the genus Triunia
which contain four different species that takes place in tropical to subtropical Australian
rainforests between north Queensland and northern New South Wales. Similarly, Tribunia

Environmental Systems and Climate Change P a g e | 2
Robusta is very long-lasting, subtropical rainforest shrub which has been described to have
less than 750 adult plants enduring across 17 small inhabitants in Southeast Queensland and is
defined as Endangered by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act
1999 (EPBC Act), and IUCN Red List of threatened plants. Practical evidences recommends
that Tribunia Robusta has earlier low levels of gene flow and very few dispersion among
inhabitants. Tribunia Robusta night have been more ample in the scenario of landscape which
is former to territory division which follows the European settlements. The major impact of
changes in the climate in the species habitat requires investigation that will enable planning in
order to upkeep its conservation and persistence in near future (Shimizu-Kimura, Accad &
Shapcott, 2017).
Later according to Parmesan & Yohe (2003), it was thoroughly investigated and
potential changes in dispersal of climate appropriate habitation for Tribunia Robusta below
several temperature changes in order to recognize refuge or likely translocation locations for
upcoming population super vision. A special investigation includes some of the major
questions like at which place the inhabitants of Tribunia Robusta found in eastern Australia
lives, what type of flora communities do they ensue in, and how are they appropriate will that
habitat be in upcoming days. Another issue is the range of species distribution which is totally
dependent on the present locations describing the climatic suitability of surroundings for
Tribunia Robusta which is probable to withdraw or increase with reply to climate variations
and the last issue is which inhabitants inside the species circulation series are more
prospective to persist beneath anticipated climate alteration (Pandolfi, Connolly, Marshall &
Cohen, 2011).
Methods
Two major tests were conducted and investigated. The first one is eastern Australia
(the political jurisdictions of Queensland and New South Wales), integrating the presently
recognized distribution of Tribunia in Australia which is centered on herbarium receipt
records. The second one is Southeast Queensland surrounding the identified distribution
variety of Tribunia Robusta. All majorly 17 well known population were stayed and residence
of the nearly centroid of every population was precisely noted by a handheld GPS device. The